The Role of Transcription Factors in Adenovirus DNA Replication

Vliet, Peter C. van der; Verrijzer, C. Peter; Mul, Y M; Oosterhout, J. A. W. M. Van; Driel, W. Van

doi:10.1007/978-3-642-76988-7_30

Cited by 13 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…Initiation of eukaryotic DNA replication is enhanced by transcription factors that bind to the vicinity of an origin of replication. This phenomenon is well documented by numerous studies of viral DNA replication in mammalian cells (Van der Vliet 1996). The fact that one common regulatory factor can stimulate both transcription and replication poses an intriguing mechanistic problem.…”

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confidence: 88%

Chromatin remodeling and activation of chromosomal DNA replication by an acidic transcriptional activation domain from BRCA1

Hu¹,

Hao²,

Li³

1999

Genes & Development

108

116

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An increasing number of transcription factors have been shown to activate DNA replication. However, the underlying mechanism remains to be elucidated. Here it is shown that when tethered to a cellular replication origin, the acidic transcriptional activation domain of the breast cancer protein BRCA1 alters the local chromatin structure and stimulates chromosomal DNA replication. Cancer-predisposing mutations in BRCA1 that abolish transcriptional activation also prevent chromatin remodeling and activation of replication. Chromatin remodeling occurs even in the absence of a functional replication origin. Thus, increasing chromatin accessibility may be an important mechanism used by transcription factors to facilitate multiple nuclear processes. Received December 2, 1998; revised version accepted January 21, 1999. Initiation of eukaryotic DNA replication is enhanced by transcription factors that bind to the vicinity of an origin of replication. This phenomenon is well documented by numerous studies of viral DNA replication in mammalian cells (Van der Vliet 1996). The fact that one common regulatory factor can stimulate both transcription and replication poses an intriguing mechanistic problem. In vitro biochemical studies with reconstituted chromatin templates have shown that transcription factors activate viral DNA replication by counteracting the inhibitory effect of the nucleosomes (Cheng and Kelly 1989;Li and Botchan 1994). This, in turn, may facilitate assembly of the replication initiation complex. Furthermore, specific interactions between transcriptional activation domains and components of the basal replication machinery may provide additional mechanisms by which transcription factors activate viral DNA replication (Dutta et al. 1993;He et al. 1993;Li and Botchan 1993 In this report we provide in vivo evidence that chromatin remodeling is an important pathway utilized by transcription factors to activate yeast chromosomal replication. In addition, mutations that abolish chromatin remodeling also severely impair activation of replication and transcription. Therefore, alteration of chromatin structure induced by transcription factors may be a common step in activation of multiple nuclear processes in eukaryotes. Results The BRCA1 transcriptional activation domain can activate yeast DNA replication in both plasmid and chromosomal contextsThe carboxy-terminal region of breast cancer protein BRCA1 contains an acidic transcriptional activation domain. When fused to yeast GAL4 DNA-binding domain, this BRCA1 domain can activate transcription in both mammalian and yeast cells (Chapman and Verma 1996;Monteiro et al. 1996). Interestingly, the transcriptional activation is abolished by cancer-predisposing mutations that occur in this region of BRCA1. We and others have shown previously that several acidic transcriptional activation domains can activate initiation of DNA replication in yeast (Marahrens and Stillman 1992;Li et al. 1998). To determine whether the BRCA1 activation domain is also capable of activating ...

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confidence: 88%

Chromatin remodeling and activation of chromosomal DNA replication by an acidic transcriptional activation domain from BRCA1

Hu¹,

Hao²,

Li³

1999

Genes & Development

108

116

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…The right boundary of the amplification initiation zone correlates with occupancy by RNA polymerase II, even though intense transcription will not occur at this locus until the next developmental stage when DNA amplification has ceased (99). Eukaryotic origins are located in intergenic regions (e.g., see Table 4 in reference 24 and Table 1 in reference 93 [40]), suggesting that the machinery for the initiation of replication may not be compatible with transcription, as has been demonstrated in some cases (43,86,91,92,95). It is probable that evolution has selected for DNA and RNA synthesis to move in the same direction to avoid head-on collisions (13,63).…”

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confidence: 97%

Developmental Changes in theSciaraII/9A Initiation Zone for DNA Replication

Lunyak

Ezrokhi

Smith

et al. 2002

Molecular and Cellular Biology

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Developmentally regulated initiation of DNA synthesis was studied in the fly Sciara at locus II/9A. PCR analysis of nascent strands revealed an initiation zone that spans ϳ8 kb in mitotic embryonic cells and endoreplicating salivary glands but contracts to 1.2 to 2.0 kb during DNA amplification of DNA puff II/9A. Thus, the amplification origin occurs within the initiation zone used for normal replication. The initiation zone left-hand border is constant, but the right-hand border changes during development. Also, there is a shift in the preferred site for initiation of DNA synthesis during DNA amplification compared to that in preamplification stages. This is the first demonstration that once an initiation zone is defined in embryos, its borders and preferred replication start sites can change during development. Chromatin immunoprecipitation showed that the RNA polymerase II 140-kDa subunit occupies the promoter of gene II/9-1 during DNA amplification, even though intense transcription will not start until the next developmental stage. RNA polymerase II is adjacent to the right-hand border of the initiation zone at DNA amplification but not at preamplification, suggesting that it may influence the position of this border. These findings support a relationship between the transcriptional machinery and establishment of the replication initiation zone.Replication of the genome is a highly regulated process to ensure complete passage of all of the hereditary material from parent to daughter cells. Origins of replication are well defined in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae where extensive studies have identified autonomously replicating sequences (ARS; reviewed in reference 70) that direct the onset of DNA synthesis in plasmids (14, 49). However, when yeast chromosomes are examined, not all ARS elements are active (31, 42), suggesting that chromosomal context is important. In yeast ARS1, element A (66) is essential for sequence recognition by the sixpolypeptide origin recognition complex (ORC) (6, 28). ORC serves as the landing pad for other components of the prereplication complex (reviewed in references 9, 32, and 81). We have shown that the nucleotide position in yeast ARS1 where continuous-strand DNA synthesis starts is directly adjacent to the DNA binding site for ORC (7,8).The specification of origins of replication in multicellular eukaryotes is less clear. There are only a few cases in which metazoan ARS elements have been identified on episomes (Table 3 in reference 24). Generally, plasmid replication in metazoan cells is sequence independent and just depends on the size of the plasmid (44,48,68). Similarly, there is no sequence specificity for replication origins in early embryos of flies and frogs (50,51,82), where there is rapid oscillation between S and M phases of the cell cycle.An additional complexity in metazoan chromosomes is that the size of replicons changes during development. Classic studies with DNA fiber autoradiography revealed that there are many more replicons in early embryos than in di...

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“…However, emerging evidence suggests that changes in chromatin structure associated with other nuclear processes also involve the same sequencespecific transcription factors that activate gene expression. For instance, it is well established that transcription factors bind to auxiliary sequences adjacent to many viral and cellular replication origins, induce changes in chromatin structure, and enhance replication origin usage (23,55,61). Likewise, transcription factors have also been implicated in gene silencing (29), DNA repair, and recombination (42).…”

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confidence: 99%

Identification of a Multifunctional Domain in Autonomously Replicating Sequence-Binding Factor 1 Required for Transcriptional Activation, DNA Replication, and Gene Silencing

Miyake

Loc’h

2002

Molecular and Cellular Biology

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Autonomously replicating sequence-binding factor 1 (ABF1) is a multifunctional, site-specific DNA binding protein that is essential for cell viability in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. ABF1 plays a direct role in transcriptional activation, stimulation of DNA replication, and gene silencing at the mating-type loci. Here we demonstrate that all three activities of ABF1 are conferred by the C terminus of the protein (amino acids [aa] 604 to 731). Furthermore, a detailed mutational analysis has revealed two important clusters of amino acid residues in the C terminus (C-terminal sequence 1 [CS1], aa 624 to 628; and CS2, aa 639 to 662). While both regions play a pivotal role in supporting cell viability, they make distinct contributions to ABF1 functions in various nuclear processes. CS1 specifically participates in transcriptional silencing and/or repression in a context-dependent manner, whereas CS2 is universally required for all three functions of ABF1. When tethered to specific regions of the genome, a 30-aa fragment that contains CS2 alone is sufficient for activation of transcription and chromosomal replication. In addition, CS2 is responsible for ABF1-mediated chromatin remodeling. Based on these results, we suggest that ABF1 may function as a chromatin-reorganizing factor to increase accessibility of the local chromatin structure, which in turn facilitates the action of additional factors to establish either an active or repressed chromatin state.The temporal and spatial regulation of chromatin structure is a critical determinant of every aspect of nuclear functions in eukaryotes. Intense research in recent years has shed much mechanistic insight into the trans-acting factors that participate in chromatin reorganization (66). Furthermore, there has been a wealth of information collected concerning the molecular and biochemical nature of changes in chromatin structure, resulting from this regulation, that ultimately lead to activation or repression of various nuclear functions. For example, it is now well accepted that covalent modifications of histone tails, including acetylation, phosphorylation, methylation, and ubiquitination, constitute an important code system that dictates the state of competence of a particular region of the genome for the initiation of a nuclear event (56). This modification process requires the complex action of numerous histone-modifying enzymes, many of which exist in multiprotein complexes (3, 52). In addition, other chromatin-remodeling complexes (e.g., the ATP-dependent SWI/SNF complex) work in concert with the histone-modifying enzymes to control the degree of compactness of chromatin structure and accessibility of the DNA therein (15, 64).The ability of chromatin-modifying complexes to locate and function on their coordinate cis elements is critical to the biology of the cell and our understanding of it. Mounting evidence has suggested that many of these complexes are recruited to specific regions of the genome by DNA binding proteins that recognize specific sequences and/or struc...

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The Role of Transcription Factors in Adenovirus DNA Replication

Cited by 13 publications

References 34 publications

Chromatin remodeling and activation of chromosomal DNA replication by an acidic transcriptional activation domain from BRCA1

Chromatin remodeling and activation of chromosomal DNA replication by an acidic transcriptional activation domain from BRCA1

Developmental Changes in theSciaraII/9A Initiation Zone for DNA Replication

Identification of a Multifunctional Domain in Autonomously Replicating Sequence-Binding Factor 1 Required for Transcriptional Activation, DNA Replication, and Gene Silencing

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