The Role of Transcription Factor PPAR-γ in the Pathogenesis of Psoriasis, Skin Cells, and Immune Cells

Abstract

The peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor PPAR-γ is one of three PPAR nuclear receptors that act as ligand-activated transcription factors. In immune cells, the skin, and other organs, PPAR-γ regulates lipid, glucose, and amino acid metabolism. The receptor translates nutritional, pharmacological, and metabolic stimuli into the changes in gene expression. The activation of PPAR-γ promotes cell differentiation, reduces the proliferation rate, and modulates the immune response. In the skin, PPARs also contribute to the functioning of the skin barrier. Since we know that the route from identification to the registration of drugs is long and expensive, PPAR-γ agonists already approved for other diseases may also represent a high interest for psoriasis. In this review, we discuss the role of PPAR-γ in the activation, differentiation, and proliferation of skin and immune cells affected by psoriasis and in contributing to the pathogenesis of the disease. We also evaluate whether the agonists of PPAR-γ may become one of the therapeutic options to suppress the inflammatory response in lesional psoriatic skin and decrease the influence of comorbidities associated with psoriasis.

Ameliorated Skin Inflammation through the Synergistic Effect of Gold Nanorod–Dexamethasone and Photothermal Therapy

“…Recently, with the emerging importance of PPARγ in psoriasis, ongoing studies have focused on restoring reduced PPAR-γ levels. 66 In the present study, AuNR-DX and laser combination therapy restored PPAR-γ more effectively than AuNR-DX alone in psoriasis skin (Figure 7b, bottom), mouse skin (Figure 7c,d), keratinocytes (Figure 7e,f), and reduced skin thickness and PASI scores (Figure 7g,h).…”

“…PPAR-γ can be activated by photothermal therapy and is involved in regulating epidermal hyperproliferation and abnormal keratinocyte differentiation, rendering it a potential therapeutic target for psoriasis treatment. Recently, with the emerging importance of PPAR-γ in psoriasis, ongoing studies have focused on restoring reduced PPAR-γ levels . In the present study, AuNR-DX and laser combination therapy restored PPAR-γ more effectively than AuNR-DX alone in psoriasis skin (Figure b, bottom), mouse skin (Figure c,d), keratinocytes (Figure e,f), and reduced skin thickness and PASI scores (Figure g,h).…”

Mixed-Culture Propagation of Uterine-Tissue-Resident Macrophages and Their Expression Properties of Steroidogenic Molecules

“…Propagated uterine Mø expressed CD36, a scavenger receptor with affinity to oxidized low-density lipoproteins [ 56 ], as well as Lxra and Pparg , transcription factors regulating lipid metabolism [ 57 , 58 ]. StAR is a cholesterol transport protein regulating steroidogenesis in the rate-limiting initial step [ 59 ], and thus uterine Mø may be deeply implicated in cholesterol metabolism.…”

Obesity and the microbiome in atopic dermatitis: Therapeutic implications for PPAR-γ agonists

“…The etiology and pathophysiology of psoriasis bears some similarities with AD, including obesity, microbial dysbiosis and Th17-mediated inflammation ( 89 ). Clinical studies identified anti-psoriatic effects of TZDs ( 90 ), suggesting these medications may help in AD. Nevertheless, the skin microbiome is distinct in psoriasis and characterized by Corynebacteria spp.…”