The Role of Toxoplasma gondii Infection Among Multiple Sclerosis Patient Compared to Ordinary People in South of Iran: A Case-Control Study

Rahnama, Mahsa; Asgari, Qasem; Petramfar, Peyman; Tasa, Davoud; Hemati, Vahid; Solgi, Rahmat

doi:10.5812/modernc.105090

Cited by 5 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…The associations of T. gondii infection with MS was positively significant even by adjustment for covariates. Similarly, studies in Turkey ( 21 ) and Iran ( 22 , 23 ) showed significant positive associations between latent toxoplasmosis and MS, however some others in Mexico ( 31 ), Italy ( 32 ), Germany ( 20 ), Iran ( 24 ) and Latin America ( 33 ) indicated a negative association. More recently (2021), in a meta-analysis the seroprevalence of T. gondii infection was lower in MS patients than in controls; however, differences were not statistically significant (OR = 0.68, 95% CI = 0.50–0.93) ( 18 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 90%

“…Negative associations between the T. gondii infection and MS have been reported in studies in Turkey ( 19 ) and Germany ( 20 ). In contrast, T. gondii seropositivity was significantly associated to MS ( 21 – 23 ). In Iran, 50 MS patients and 50 of their family members were assessed for T. gondii antibodies and the two groups had similar anti- T. gondii IgG titers ( 24 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 83%

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Associations between Toxoplasma gondii Infection and Multiple Sclerosis: A Case-Control Seroprevalence Study

Shahra,

Keshavarz,

Sahraeian

et al. 2023

IJPA

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Background: Currently, there are conflicting reports on the associations between Toxoplasma gondii infection and multiple sclerosis (MS) in humans. In the present study, a case–control study was carried out to assess associations between seropositivity to T. gondii infection and MS. Methods: This case-control study was carried out on 200 MS patients (cases) attended in Sina Hospital affiliated to Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran, and 200 healthy subjects from the general population of the same city, March to July 2017. Blood samples were collected from individuals and were examined using Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for the presence of T. gondii IgG antibodies and the IgG-positive samples were further analyzed for specific anti-T. gondii IgM. Results: The overall seroprevalence of anti-T. gondii IgG was 44.2% (177/400) in 121 (60.5%) sera of the 200 MS patients (cases) and 56 (28.0%) sera of the 200 controls (OR = 3.94; 95% CI: 2.59–5.99; P < 0.001). Seroprevalence of T. gondii infection in MS patients increased significantly with increasing of age (P < 0.001). In the control group, no statistically significant differences were seen between the seroprevalence of T. gondii infection in various age groups (P = 0.858). Moreover, no statistically significant relationships were reported between the seropositivity to T. gondii and the sex for the cases and controls (P>0.05). Anti-T. gondii IgM antibodies were not detected in anti-T. gondii IgG positive patients. Conclusion: T. gondii infection might be a probability risk factor for MS. However, further studies are necessary to describe clearly the roles of T. gondii infection in MS.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 90%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 83%

Associations between Toxoplasma gondii Infection and Multiple Sclerosis: A Case-Control Seroprevalence Study

Shahra,

Keshavarz,

Sahraeian

et al. 2023

IJPA

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…T. gondii can cause severe weakness, miscarriage, or even death. The parasite is usually transmitted by drinking water contaminated with cat feces (containing parasitic oocysts) or by eating meat containing uncooked blood and by transfusion of blood from a person infected with the parasite to a healthy person [ 3 , 4 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anti-Toxoplasma Effects of Dracocephalum Polychaetum Essential Oil

Khamesipour

Pourmohammad

Jafarian-Dehkordi

2022

Interdisciplinary Perspectives on Infectious Diseases

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Background. Toxoplasma gondii is a common parasitic disease with a cosmopolitan prevalence, causing severe health problems. Although chemotherapy for toxoplasmosis is readily available, most have side effects. Objectives. This study assesses the Dracocephalum polychaetum essential oil against T. gondii activity. In vitro, the anti-Toxoplasma effects of D. polychaetum essential oils with different concentrations were evaluated. Methods. In the present study, T. gondii RH strain tachyzoites were exposed to D. polychaetum essential oil, and their viability effect on the parasite was evaluated. The viability test of tachyzoites was performed by using the staining method trypan blue in vitro. The inhibitory effect of D. polychaetum extract on T. gondii RH strain tachyzoites in the Vero cell line was evaluated. Results. D. polychaetum has valuable efficacy in vitro, outperforming pyrimethamine and sulfadiazine at 30 and 90 minutes after exposure ( p < 0.05 ). D. polychaetum essential oil showed anti-Toxoplasma activity in the cell line (IC50: 241.7 μg/mL). After T. gondii-infected Vero cells had been incubated with different concentrations of the D. polychaetum essential oil, their viability decreased in a dose-dependent manner. Conclusions. In conclusion, D. polychaetum extract as an herbal medicine might be a valuable alternative to routine chemotherapy for toxoplasmosis.

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Does latentToxoplasmainfection have a protective effect against developing multiple sclerosis? Evidence from an updated meta-analysis

Rostami

Riahi

Mollalo

et al. 2022

Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

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Previous epidemiologic evidence suggests a protective effect of Toxoplasma gondii infection against multiple sclerosis (MS) development; however, inconsistent findings have been reported in this regard. Therefore, we performed an updated meta-analysis of observational studies to investigate the association of To. gondii infection with MS development. We searched all articles published in PubMed, Scopus, Embase and Web of Science databases as of 20 December 2021. A random effects meta-analysis model was used to generate the pooled OR at 95% CIs. The heterogeneity between studies was assessed using I2 and Cochran's Q statistics. Moreover, the likelihood of publication bias was determined by Egger's regression test. A total of 11 studies were eligible for meta-analysis, including 1172 MS cases and 1802 controls. Our findings indicated that 29.8% (95% CI 22.8 to 37.2%) of MS patients were seropositive for To. gondii infection, compared with 34.2% (95% CI 21.9 to 47.6%) of control subjects. The estimated pooled OR was 0.79 (95% CI 0.49 to 1.26), suggesting a non-significant negative association between To. gondii infection and MS development (p>0.05). The current study does not support the significant protective role of To. gondii infection on MS development. Our findings imply that further well-designed epidemiological and mechanistic studies are warranted to ascertain the possible association between To. gondii infection and MS and to exclude the potential confounders.

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The Role of Toxoplasma gondii Infection Among Multiple Sclerosis Patient Compared to Ordinary People in South of Iran: A Case-Control Study

Cited by 5 publications

References 17 publications

Associations between Toxoplasma gondii Infection and Multiple Sclerosis: A Case-Control Seroprevalence Study

Associations between Toxoplasma gondii Infection and Multiple Sclerosis: A Case-Control Seroprevalence Study

Anti-Toxoplasma Effects of Dracocephalum Polychaetum Essential Oil

Does latentToxoplasmainfection have a protective effect against developing multiple sclerosis? Evidence from an updated meta-analysis

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