“…A SC approach addresses the challenges faced by urban environments and enhances citizens' quality of life through technological innovation (Johnson et al, 2020). Yet, this approach often fails to include the Tourism System (hereinafter TS) of a city in its strategy (Gretzel and Koo, 2021;Pasquinelli and Trunfio, 2020) if not to enhance the city attractiveness, overlooking the tourism presence in city services and infrastructures and consequent impact (Gretzel, 2022;Gretzel and Koo, 2021;La Rocca, 2013, 2014Mehraliyev et al, 2020;O'Connor, 2023;Pasquinelli and Trunfio, 2020). This separation threatens the effectiveness of a SC strategy as a TS inadequately managed aggravates existing urban challenges such as overcrowdedness, waste management, damage to natural and cultural resources which may prevent a SC from achieving urban sustainability (Postma and Schmuecker, 2017;Tsaur et al, 2018).…”