The Role of Threat in Intergroup Relations

Stephan, Walter G.; Renfro, C. Lausanne; Davis, Mark D.

doi:10.1002/9781444303117.ch5

Cited by 305 publications

(435 citation statements)

References 0 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

403

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…Examining Migration and multiculturalism 29 the attitudes of Dutch adolescents, Velasco Gonzáles et al (2008) showed that national identification increased anti-Muslim prejudice, but this relationship was fully mediated by perceived symbolic threat. National identification may also influence the way individuals react to threat, by strengthening the link between perceived threats and hostile attitudes towards immigrants (Stephan & Renfro, 2003). The relationship between perceived realistic threat and prejudice towards Russian immigrants in Israel has for example been shown to be stronger for high national identifiers (Bizman & Yinon, 2001).…”

Section: National Identification and Threatmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Negative outcomes of immigrant presence can furthermore be anticipated on the individual or the collective level, reflecting motivations of individual or collective selfinterest (e.g., Burns & Gimpel, 2000;Citrin, Green, Muste, & Wong, 1997;Jackson, Brown, Brown, & Marks, 2001;Stephan & Renfro, 2003). Individual threat perceptions describe situations where members of the receiving society are concerned that their individual interests are menaced by immigration.…”

Section: Majority Attitudes Towards Immigration: Threat Perspectivesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…With respect to collective self-interest, Citrin, Sears, Muste, and Wong (2001) have shown that although personal economic circumstances played little role in support for reducing immigration, pessimism about the national economy and beliefs about the negative consequences of immigration on jobs and taxes predicted anti-immigration attitudes (see also Burns & Gimpel, 2000;Stephan & Renfro, 2003). Somewhat paradoxically, while people who see their national ingroup as relatively disadvantaged in comparison with immigrant outgroups have been shown to display stronger anti-immigrant attitudes (e.g., Pettigrew, Christ, Wagner, Meertens, van Dick, & Zick, 2008), this was also the case for those who see their ingroup as relatively advantaged in relation to immigrant outgroups (Guimond & Dambrun, 2001).…”

Section: Migration and Multiculturalism 24mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Broadly defined, threat appraisals refer to the anticipation of negative consequences related to the Migration and multiculturalism 21 arrival and presence of immigrants in a receiving society. Threat research generally differentiates two main routes through which threat relates to anti-immigration attitudes: material or realistic threats on the one hand, and value or symbolic threats on the other (e.g., Riek et al, 2006;Sears & Funk, 1991;Stephan & Renfro, 2003). Material threats anticipate negative consequences with respect to the distribution of valued and usually scarce tangible resources in the receiving society, including economic assets, political power and physical well-being of national ingroup members.…”

Section: Majority Attitudes Towards Immigration: Threat Perspectivesmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Migration and Multiculturalism

Green¹,

Staerklé²

2013

Oxford Handbooks Online

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

"Multiculturalism has utterly failed", German Chancellor Angela Merkel declared inOctober 2010, "immigrants need to do more to integrate in German society". A few months later, in February 2011, British Prime Minister David Cameron also condemned his country's long-standing policy of multiculturalism as a failure, claiming that many young British Muslims were drawn to violent ideology because they found no strong collective identity in Britain. These two quotes from leading European politicians exemplify how migration and multiculturalism have become key issues in contemporary societies. Virtually all countries in the world need to deal with the steady flow of people crossing international borders that have made societies in our globalized world more and more diverse. Despite its contested nature as a normative model for organizing diversity in receiving societies, multiculturalism has become an inescapable reality to which countries need to adapt.This chapter is concerned with two major questions concerning migration and multiculturalism. First, it looks at the social and psychological processes at work in the migrant experience. Second, it deals with how members of receiving societies react to the increased and diversified immigrant presence in their societies. 1 Our review draws mainly upon research and theory in political and social psychology. Reflecting the diversity of classic and recent empirical work on migration and multiculturalism, we present research covering a Migration and multiculturalism 2 wide range of methodological approaches, including survey, experimental and qualitative studies. The chapter emphasizes how historical and political contexts affect the nature of intergroup relations between migrant groups and receiving societies. It furthermore highlights the role of widely shared social representations in processes of migration and multiculturalism, expressed in ideological belief systems, political discourse and everyday cultural repertoires. We argue that a political psychology perspective to migration and multiculturalism will gain from taking a interdisciplinary approach in which different levels of analysis-including individual, group and societal factors-are combined and articulated (Castles & Miller, 2009;Chryssochoou, 2004;Deaux, 2006;Verkuyten, 2005a).The chapter is organized in four parts. The first part outlines some historical benchmarks of modern migration and briefly presents two key notions of a psychological approach to migration-assimilation and multiculturalism-in their historical context. In a second part, we summarize empirical research that focuses on the psychological dynamics involved in the migrant experience, in particular the interactionist and complex nature of migrant identities, acculturation and adaptation in receiving societies, and intergroup approaches to acculturation and multiculturalism. The third part analyses the role of threat regarding immigrants and immigration in the reactions, attitudes and beliefs of majority populations in receiving societies. The...

show abstract

Section: National Identification and Threatmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Majority Attitudes Towards Immigration: Threat Perspectivesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Migration and Multiculturalism 24mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Majority Attitudes Towards Immigration: Threat Perspectivesmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Migration and Multiculturalism

Green¹,

Staerklé²

2013

Oxford Handbooks Online

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Perceptions of unfair treatment by police could certainly be an outcome of this inaccurate information for members of transgender communities not included in the policy document as the police officers involved in any potential interaction would be unaware of their existence. Previous research (see Stephan & Renfro, 2002) shows that people often elicit emotional reactions such as fear, anger, resentment, or helplessness when confronted by people (such as transgender people) who do not display or uphold normative expectations of gendered behavior. Considering that the formal policy document does not recognize the gender diverse identities that transgender people display, this finding may negatively influence or shape intergroup identity differences between police and transgender people, leading to discrimination and prejudice from both groups.…”

Section: Police Policy In An Australian State: a Content Synopsismentioning

confidence: 99%

Policing Transgender People

Miles-Johnson

2015

SAGE Open

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Police policy documents often articulate strategies and approaches that police organizations want to implement in their efforts to break down barriers with minority groups. However, most police policy documents are written for police audiences and not for members of the public. Police policy documents serve as a reflection of the aspirations of the agency and not necessarily the practice of the officers. Differential policing has been a salient experience for members of transgender communities because, as individuals who express gender in ways that deviate from the norm, they have experienced numerous documented cases of police mismanaged practice. In Australia, achieving police reform in the area of policing of diverse community groups has been difficult as new initiatives implemented to educate police officers about diverse groups such as transgender communities are scarce. My study sought to analyze a police policy document to assess how one police agency's policy aspires to shape police contact/experiences with transgender people and how this document might shape intergroup identity differences between transgender people and the police. It is argued that the policy document will negatively affect police perceptions of transgender people and may enhance adverse perceptions of intergroup difference between police and transgender people. I also argue that using this document to achieve police reform in the area of policing of transgender people will be problematic as the policy document lacks substantial procedural guidelines regarding interaction with transgender people and may not favorably constrain discretionary police power.

show abstract

Stereotypes

Bar‐Tal¹

2011

The Encyclopedia of Peace Psychology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Individuals categorize people into groups and then usually form stereotypes of those groups and their members. Stereotypes are defined as stored beliefs about the characteristics of a group of people (Fiske, 1998). These beliefs, as cognitive structures, pertain to mental representations of different characterizing aspects such as physical appearance, traits, abilities, attitudes, emotions, intentions, behaviors, etc.

show abstract

The Role of Threat in Intergroup Relations

Cited by 305 publications

References 0 publications

Migration and Multiculturalism

Migration and Multiculturalism

Policing Transgender People

Stereotypes

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About