The Role of Thermography in the Management of Equine Lameness

Eddy, Alison L.; Hoogmoed, Linda M. Van; Snyder, Jack R.

doi:10.1053/tvjl.2001.0618

Cited by 200 publications

(237 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…Consequently, body temperature is a criterion of great interest and needs to be monitored as closely as possible, in an attempt to increase early detection and treatment of a number of economically important illnesses, such as cattle foot and mouth disease (Rainwater-Lovett et al, 2009), bovine respiratory disease (Schaefer et al, 2012), horse lameness (Eddy et al, 2001), classical swine fever virus (Lohse et al, 2010) or poultry bumblefoot (Wilcox et al, 2009).…”

Section: About Homeothermymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These outcomes are comparable with those obtained for the early detection of leg injuries or lameness in horses or cattle, in which the studies' conclusions diverged. In horses, Eddy et al (2001) and Head and Dyson (2001), expressed reservations about the ability of IR thermography to detect lameness, while Nikkhah et al (2005) and Poikalainen et al (2012) recognized this method in cattle to detect injuries on legs, hooves or other body parts. An approach in the interpretation of the images dependent on symmetry, thermal pattern between the left and right sides, should lead to more effective assessment of hoof lesions (Alsaaod and Buescher, 2012) or in horses' back or legs injuries (Robson, 2010 and2011;Cetinkaya and Demirutku, 2012).…”

Section: Temperature Measurement With Non Invasive -No Contact Sensorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A Review of Methods to Measure Animal Body Temperature in Precision Farming

Sellier¹,

Guettier²,

Staub³

2014

AJAST

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Automation of phenotypic measurements of livestock has become a more important goal for scientists and also for farmers who need a more precise, real-time knowledge of their animals. Among physiological measures, body temperature and its variations are key indicators of the physiological health and well-being of animals. Although measuring the body temperature may seem a trivial matter, its implementation is faced with many difficulties both at biological and technological levels in a field of constant progress. Today, there are many studies reporting taking temperature measurements without restraining animals. The present report focuses on the two main approaches to temperature measurements that use direct contact or radiation sensors. Specifically, we investigated the use of thermocouples, thermistors and infrared radiation sensors. A wide literature review using one of these techniques was conducted in which different animal species, different purposes, different experimental designs, various equipments, and different devices and gold standard methods are discussed. These technologies will continue their dizzying development, leading to new communication protocols, sensors miniaturization and a more efficient management of energy. These developments will have a direct impact on the increase of reading distances and the amount of information stored. In response to the request of farmers and researchers, integrated monitoring systems are already marketed with user-friendly interfaces and softwares for complex data storage and treatments.

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Section: About Homeothermymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Temperature Measurement With Non Invasive -No Contact Sensorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Review of Methods to Measure Animal Body Temperature in Precision Farming

Sellier¹,

Guettier²,

Staub³

2014

AJAST

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“…Among its uses in medicine and biology are diagnosis of diseases (e.g. [6,7]) and thermoregulation analysis [5]. In animal welfare science, its applicability in the measurement of physiological stress responses has been explored, such as via eye temperature in cattle [8,9] and horses [10], ear temperature in rabbits [11], and temperature of the comb and wattle in chickens [12], adding to the more conventional methods of stress monitoring in non-human animals (including body posture, heart rate, heart rate variability, and cortisol concentrations in saliva, plasma and urine [13][14][15]).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dynamic changes in ear temperature in relation to separation distress in dogs

Riemer

Assis

Pike

et al. 2016

Physiology & Behavior

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Highlights• Pet dogs were tested in a brief separation test and filmed remotely using thermography• Temperature was analyzed from selected patches of both ear pinnae simultaneously• Social isolation was associated with a significant decrease in ear pinnae temperature• Temperature of the two ears did not differ significantly from each other• Long distance thermography is a useful tool in non-invasive stress monitoring AbstractInfrared thermography can visualize changes in body surface temperature that result from stress-induced physiological changes and alterations of blood flow patterns. Here we explored its use for remote stress monitoring (i.e. removing need for human presence) in a sample of six pet dogs. Dogs were tested in a brief separation test involving contact with their owner, a stranger, and social isolation for two one-minute-periods. Tests were filmed using a thermographic camera set up in a corner of the room, around 7 metres from where the subjects spent most of the time. Temperature was measured from selected regions of both ear pinnae simultaneously. Temperature of both ear pinnae showed a pattern of decrease during separation and increase when a person (either the owner or a stranger) was present, with no lateralized temperature differences between the two ears. Long distance thermographic measurement is a promising technique for non-invasive remote stress assessment, although there are some limitations related to dogs' hair structure over the ears, making it unsuitable for some subjects.

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“…ET has been shown to be a more consistent measure of temperature changes in response to stress than other anatomical areas such as the nose (Nakayama et al, 2005), ear (Ludwig et al, 2007), head (McGreevy et al, 2012) or body surfaces (McCafferty, 2007) and it has been also used for detection of inflammatory processes in extremities in horses (Eddy et al, 2001). Furthermore, as the temperature of the eye and surrounding area are less affected by coat variations (colour, thickness, etc.)…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Using eye temperature and heart rate for stress assessment in young horses competing in jumping competitions and its possible influence on sport performance

Bartolomé

Sánchez

Molina

et al. 2013

Animal

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The aims of this study were, first, to evaluate eye temperature (ET) with infrared thermography and heart rate (HR) to measure stress in horses during show jumping competitions and their relationship with competition results, and second, to evaluate the influence of different extrinsic and intrinsic factors of the horse on the stress measurements analysed. One hundred and seventy-three Spanish Sport Horses were analysed for ET and HR, and these measurements were taken 3 h before the competition, just after and 3 h after it. Two interval measurements were also assessed for each parameter. Positive significant correlations were found between ET and HR, measured before (r = 0.23), just after competition (r = 0.28) and for the later interval (r = 0.26), whereas negative correlations with competition results were found only for ET when measured just after competing (r =− 0.25). Two intrinsic factors (genetic line and age) and no extrinsic factors showed significant differences for ET, whereas one intrinsic factor (age) and two extrinsic factors (journey duration and number of training hours) showed significant differences for HR. The marginal means showed significantly higher ET values for the Anglo-Arab genetic line and for 5-year-old animals. HR values were significantly higher for 4-year-old animals, for horses which had travelled 4 to 6 h and for horses that had 3 to 6 h of daily training. This study suggests that, although ET and HR seemed to share a similar physiological basis, the factors that most influenced each parameter were different. Finally, ET seems to be a suitable tool for assessing stress during show jumping competitions in horses.

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The Role of Thermography in the Management of Equine Lameness

Cited by 200 publications

References 4 publications

A Review of Methods to Measure Animal Body Temperature in Precision Farming

A Review of Methods to Measure Animal Body Temperature in Precision Farming

Dynamic changes in ear temperature in relation to separation distress in dogs

Using eye temperature and heart rate for stress assessment in young horses competing in jumping competitions and its possible influence on sport performance

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