The Role of the Thymus in the Immune Response

Thapa, Puspa; Farber, Donna L.

doi:10.1016/j.thorsurg.2018.12.001

Cited by 189 publications

(167 citation statements)

References 90 publications

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“…The thymus is the primary lymphoid organ responsible for the generation of immunocompetent and self-tolerant T-cells with diverse repertoire, 345,346 which is tightly regulated within a highly organized thymus structure. The thymus structure is mainly supported by TEC, which is consisted of two major subsets, cTECs (cortical TECs) and mTECs (medullary TECs).…”

Section: The Function Of Non-canonical Nf-κb In the Immune Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

Targeting NF-κB pathway for the therapy of diseases: mechanism and clinical study

Lin

Zhang

et al. 2020

Sig Transduct Target Ther

973

568

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NF-κB pathway consists of canonical and non-canonical pathways. The canonical NF-κB is activated by various stimuli, transducing a quick but transient transcriptional activity, to regulate the expression of various proinflammatory genes and also serve as the critical mediator for inflammatory response. Meanwhile, the activation of the non-canonical NF-κB pathway occurs through a handful of TNF receptor superfamily members. Since the activation of this pathway involves protein synthesis, the kinetics of non-canonical NF-κB activation is slow but persistent, in concordance with its biological functions in the development of immune cell and lymphoid organ, immune homeostasis and immune response. The activation of the canonical and non-canonical NF-κB pathway is tightly controlled, highlighting the vital roles of ubiquitination in these pathways. Emerging studies indicate that dysregulated NF-κB activity causes inflammation-related diseases as well as cancers, and NF-κB has been long proposed as the potential target for therapy of diseases. This review attempts to summarize our current knowledge and updates on the mechanisms of NF-κB pathway regulation and the potential therapeutic application of inhibition of NF-κB signaling in cancer and inflammatory diseases.

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Section: The Function Of Non-canonical Nf-κb In the Immune Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

Targeting NF-κB pathway for the therapy of diseases: mechanism and clinical study

Lin

Zhang

et al. 2020

Sig Transduct Target Ther

973

568

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“…3 The thymus is a central lymphoid organ, which is responsible for the generation of T lymphocytes under the control of the local cellular microenvironment, mainly represented by thymic epithelial cells (TEC). 4 Thymopoiesis leads to the maturation of peripheral naïve T cells with diverse recognition capacity against various microorganisms, such as RNA viruses, and subsets of Tregs to inhibit overactive immune responses. One of the most important age-related immune changes is the impaired generation of primary T cell responses against infection.…”

Section: Dear Editormentioning

confidence: 99%

“…One of the most important age-related immune changes is the impaired generation of primary T cell responses against infection. 3,4 Further, adult patients with severe case of COVID-19 had a cytokine release storm with an increase of several proinflammatory molecules, including TNF-α, IL-1, and IL-6. 2 Not surprisingly, a progressive propensity toward a proinflammatory phenotype, identified as inflamm-aging, plays a key role in the remodeling of the immune system at older ages, with evidence pointing to an inability to fine-control inflammation.…”

Section: Dear Editormentioning

confidence: 99%

Role of thymopoiesis and inflamm-aging in COVID-19 phenotype

Scarpa¹,

Costa²,

Puente³

et al. 2020

Pediatrics & Neonatology

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“…For adaptive immune cells, the majority of studies have focused on T cells, dissecting how the different subsets are distributed in tissue sites and the impact of tissue site and age in their functional regulation. T cells are unique among immune cells in that they have a specialized organ for their development and output—the thymus—which is highly active at birth, declines during childhood, and is nascently active in adulthood with evidence pointing to thymic shutdown in middle age (40–50 years) ( Haynes et al., 2000 ; Thapa and Farber, 2019 ; Thome et al., 2016b ). In the thymus, bone-marrow-derived T cell precursors undergo further development to mature T cells, involving rearrangement of T cell antigen receptor genes and selection for T cells that lack overt self-reactivity for export to the periphery.…”

Section: Immunity In Space and Timementioning

confidence: 99%

The Whole Body as the System in Systems Immunology

Poon

Farber

2020

iScience

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Summary The human immune system is comprised of a diverse and interactive network of specialized cells localized in diverse tissues throughout the body, where they mediate protection against pathogens and environmental insults while maintaining tissue homeostasis. Although much of our understanding of human immunology has derived from studies of peripheral blood, recent work utilizing human tissue resources and innovative computational methods have employed a whole-body, systems-based approach, revealing tremendous complexity and heterogeneity of the immune system within individuals and across the population. In this review, we discuss how tissue localization, developmental and age-associated changes, and conditions of health and disease shape the immune response, as well as how improved understanding of interindividual and tissue-specific immunity can be leveraged for developing targeted therapeutics.

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The Role of the Thymus in the Immune Response

Cited by 189 publications

References 90 publications

Targeting NF-κB pathway for the therapy of diseases: mechanism and clinical study

Targeting NF-κB pathway for the therapy of diseases: mechanism and clinical study

Role of thymopoiesis and inflamm-aging in COVID-19 phenotype

The Whole Body as the System in Systems Immunology

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