The Role of the Terminal Nerve and GnRH in Olfactory System Neuromodulation

Kawai, Takafumi; Oka, Yoshitaka; Eisthen, Heather L.

doi:10.2108/zsj.26.669

Cited by 38 publications

(39 citation statements)

References 148 publications

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“…It is possible that GnRH modulates the processing of olfactory information that is important for reproduction (Kawai et al 2009b;Propper and Moore 1991;Ramakrishnan and Wayne 2009;Volkoff and Peter 1999;Yu and Peter 1990). However, our present study suggests that GnRH is involved in processing wide categories of olfactory information and thus GnRH does not appear to selectively modulate the responsiveness of animals to the sex pheromones.…”

Section: The Significance Of the Modulatory Effect Of Gnrh On The Olfcontrasting

confidence: 52%

“…There are many reports showing the expression of GnRH receptors in the olfactory bulb of many vertebrates (Albertson et al 2008;Kawai et al 2009b;Maruska and Fernald 2010;Peter et al 2003;Soga et al 2005). However, few reports have described in detail their distributions in the olfactory bulb.…”

Section: Sgnrh Is Likely To Be Involved In Processing Wide Categoriesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In this regard, the timing of GnRH release into the olfactory bulb should be revealed (Abe and Oka 2007;Kawai et al 2009b;Oka 1997). So far, it has been suggested that TNGnRH neurons show regular pacemaker activities (Fujita et al 1991;Oka and Matsushima 1993;Ramakrishnan and Wayne 2009;Wayne et al 2005) and GnRH release is evoked by depolarizing stimulus that increases the firing frequency of these neurons (Abe and Oka 2007;Ishizaki et al 2004).…”

Section: The Significance Of the Modulatory Effect Of Gnrh On The Olfmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In most vertebrates, TN cells are localized near or within the olfactory nerve, olfactory bulb, or ventral telencephalon and project from there to the olfactory epithelium, olfactory bulb, and elsewhere including the retina. Because TN appears to receive multimodal sensory inputs (Demski and Northcutt 1983;Fujita et al 1985Fujita et al , 1991Ramakrishnan and Wayne 2009;Yamamoto and Ito 2000), it is conceivable that TN neurons release GnRH in wide areas of the brain in response to these sensory inputs (Kawai et al 2009b).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…There are some reports that GnRH has neuromodulatory effects on the sensory responsiveness of animals (Abe and Oka 2007;Eisthen et al 2000;Kawai et al 2009b;Oka 1997;Oka and Matsushima 1993;Park and Eisthen 2003;Umino and Dowling 1991). In mudpuppies (Necturus maculosus), for example, GnRH increases the amplitude of a tetrodotoxinsensitive inward current in the olfactory receptor neurons (Eisthen et al 2000), suggesting that GnRH increases the excitability of these neurons.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Neuromodulatory Effect of GnRH on the Synaptic Transmission of the Olfactory Bulbar Neural Circuit in Goldfish, Carassius auratus

Kawai

Abe

Akazome

et al. 2010

Journal of Neurophysiology

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Kawai T, Abe H, Akazome Y, Oka Y. Neuromodulatory effect of GnRH on the synaptic transmission of the olfactory bulbar neural circuit in goldfish, Carassius auratus. J Neurophysiol 104: 3540 -3550, 2010. First published October 20, 2010 doi:10.1152/jn.00639.2010. Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) is well known as a hypophysiotropic hormone that is produced in the hypothalamus and facilitates the release of gonadotropins from the pituitary gonadotropes. On the other hand, the functions of extrahypothalamic GnRH systems still remain elusive. Here we examined whether the activity of the olfactory bulbar neural circuits is modulated by GnRH that originates mainly from the terminal nerve (TN) GnRH system in goldfish (Carassius auratus). As the morphological basis, we first observed that goldfish TNs mainly express salmon GnRH (sGnRH) mRNA and that sGnRH-immunoreactive fibers are distributed in both the mitral and the granule cell layers. We then examined by extracellular recordings the effect of GnRH on the electrically evoked in vitro field potentials that arise from synaptic activities from mitral to granule cells. We found that GnRH enhances the amplitude of the field potentials. Furthermore, these effects were observed in both cases when the field potentials were evoked by stimulating either the lateral or the medial olfactory tract, conveying functionally different sensory information, separately, and suggesting that GnRH may modulate the responsiveness to wide categories of odorants in the olfactory bulb. Because GnRH also changed the paired-pulse ratio, it is suggested that the increased amplitude of the field potential results from changes in the presynaptic glutamate release of mitral cells rather than the increase in the glutamate receptor sensitivity of granule cells. These results suggest that TN regulates the olfactory responsiveness of animals appropriately by releasing sGnRH peptides in the olfactory bulbar neural circuits.

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