The role of the substantia nigra pars reticulata anterior in amygdala-kindled seizures

Not Part of the Temporal Lobe, but Still of Importance? Substantia Nigra and Subthalamic Nucleus in Epilepsy

“…Although anticonvulsant effects of lesioning the SNr in bicuculline-induced seizures and against electroshock seizures have been reported (Garant and Gale, 1983), it does not seem to be a viable option for seizure reduction since there is conflicting evidence on its effect on kindled seizures. Lesioning the SNr significantly increased severity and duration of kindled seizures in one report (Zhang et al, 2019), but suppressed seizures in another study (McNamara et al, 1984). A unilateral dopamineinduced lesion of the SNr facilitated kainate-induced seizures in rats (Fan et al, 2000).…”

“…GABAergic drug MES Decreased duration of tonic hindlimb extension Gale and Iadarola, 1980;Iadarola and Gale, 1982;Zhang et al, 1991 PTZ low dose i.p. Increased seizure threshold 1 ; decreased spike-and-wave discharges (no effect on motor seizures with higher dose of PTZ) 2…”

“…1 Zhang et al, 1991;2 Depaulis et al, 1989;Depaulis, 1992 PTZ i.v. Increased seizure threshold Iadarola and Gale, 1982;Bröer et al, 2012;Gey et al, 2016 BIC i.v.…”

“…6 Le Gal La Salle et al, 1983;7 McNamara et al, 1984;8 Nolte et al, 2006;9 Töllner et al, 2011 Absence Suppressed spike-and-wave discharges Depaulis et al, 1988Depaulis et al, , 1990Deransart et al, 2001 GABAergic summarized in Table 1 (Gale and Iadarola, 1980;Le Gal La Salle et al, 1983;McNamara et al, 1984;Garant and Gale, 1986;Turski et al, 1986;Depaulis et al, 1989;Xu et al, 1991;Zhang et al, 1991;Depaulis, 1992;Garant et al, 1995;Velíšková et al, 1996a;Smolders et al, 1997;Deransart et al, 2001;Nolte et al, 2006;Bröer et al, 2012;Gey et al, 2016). Genetically modified rats that display spontaneous absences and rats that experience genetically determined audiogenic seizures upon stimulation could also be treated successfully with injection of GABA A agonists into the SNr (Depaulis et al, 1988(Depaulis et al, , 1990Deransart et al, 2001, see Table 1).…”

The therapeutic mechanism of epilepsy seizures in different target areas: Research on a theoretical model

“…di Giacopo et al observed that substantia nigra DBS can inhibit myoclonus for myoclonic seizures [ 9 ]. The electrophysiological and lesion results implied that substantia nigra pars reticulata (SNr) anterior can inhibit convulsant in seizures [ 10 ]. Guo et al showed that SNr-DBS can effectively control seizure activities in rats [ 11 ].…”