The role of the striatum in linguistic selection: Evidence from Huntington's disease and computational modeling

Abstract

HIGHLIGHTS• A specific deficit underlies the linguistic impairment of patients with striatal lesions • Striatal lesions cause deficit in selection processes not in grammatical evaluation • Striatum selects linguistic alternatives computed in cortical language areas • Atrophy in dorsal striatum correlates with selection deficit in Huntington disease

Contribution of the Cerebellum and the Basal Ganglia to Language Production: Speech, Word Fluency, and Sentence Construction—Evidence from Pathology

“…914) [149], and this is consistent with the reduced sentence complexity described in this pathology [38,37] without evidence of specific syntactic limitation [41], thus resizing the hypothesis of a direct role of the basal ganglia in sentence construction. Similarly, observations from HD do not indicate disorders of sentence construction consistent with the loss of grammatical knowledge but rather reduced accuracy in selecting grammatical alternatives, with more frequent selection of suboptimal alternatives than healthy controls [39] or a simplification of sentence production [40]. Although different patterns in sentence construction might be expected on the basis of the different pathological circuitry in PD and HD which gives rise to different syndromes, hypokinetic vs. hyperkinetic, no clear differences emerge in the direct comparison between PD and HD [38](however, see [147] for possible implications of altered verb morphology in sentence construction in PD and HD).…”

“…Through these connections, the basal ganglia could participate in the selection of the appropriate motor program. In the cognitive domain, damage to the basal ganglia is expected [38] Sentence simplification PD and HD Giavazzi et al, 2018 [39] Altered selection of grammatical morphemes HD Hinzen et al, 2018 [40] Sentence simplification HD Dick et al, 2018 [41] No syntactic impairment PD Verb deficit Signorini et al, 2006 [42] Silveri et al, 2012 [43] Cousin et al, 2018 [44] Garcia et al, 2018 [45] Crescentini et al, 2008 [46] Colman et al, 2009 [47] Deficit in processing the word class "verbs" PD Cotelli et al, 2007 [48] Deficit in processing the word class "verbs" Parkinsonism Frank et al, 2007 [49] Preservation of the processing of the word class "verbs" Acute cerebellar lesion Richter et al, 2004 [50] Preservation of the processing of the word class "verbs" Cerebellar atrophy to upset the complex balance between activation and inhibition that is at the base of any selection process aimed at goaldirected behaviors [75], which is the characterizing feature of the so-called executive function (see also [76]).…”

A Computational Study of Executive Dysfunction in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis

“…Computational modeling offers a technique to decompose behavior on neuropsychological assessment instruments into assumed latent cognitive processes, allowing inferences closer to the level of covert cognitive processes [ 41 , 46 ]. Importantly, latent variables, which reflect the efficacy of covert cognitive processes, are unambiguously defined (see Appendix B ) and, thereby, may replace the traditional verbal constructs of neuropsychological assessment [ 47 , 48 , 49 , 50 , 51 , 52 , 53 , 54 , 55 , 56 , 57 ]. The present study exemplifies that latent variables obtained from computational modeling may provide indicators of shared latent symptoms as well as nosologically specific differentiable facets of latent executive dysfunctions.…”

“…Computational cognitive neuropsychology offers an approach to decompose behavior that was observed on neuropsychological assessment instruments into covert cognitive processes [ 41 , 46 ]. Computational cognitive neuropsychology utilizes mathematical formalization of (1) the assumed covert cognitive processes, and (2) the way in which these processes interact [ 47 , 48 , 49 , 50 , 51 , 52 , 53 , 54 , 55 , 56 , 57 ]. Analyzing behavior on a neuropsychological assessment instrument, such as the WCST, via computational modeling allows estimating a set of latent variables, which reflect the efficacy of the assumed covert cognitive processes.…”

Human-Robots And Google Translate: A Case Study Of Translation Accuracy In Translating French-Indonesian Culinary Texts

“…In linguistics, MT is a field of computational linguistics that investigates the use of applications in translation activities (Giavazzi et al, 2018;Liu et al, 2021). MT is equipped with vocabulary and grammar.…”