The Role of the Septo‐Hippocampal System and its Noradrenergic Afferents in Behavioural Responses to Non‐Reward

Gray, Jeffrey A.; Feldon, Joram; Rawlins, J. N. P.; Owen, S.; McNaughton, Neil

doi:10.1002/9780470720394.ch12

Cited by 25 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 87 publications

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“…This ''default mode'' interpretation is also in line with the Gray and McNaughton theory that emphasizes the importance of hippocampus in monitoring competing or conflicting environmental stimuli (Gray and McNaughton, 2003). The septohippocampal theory of Gray and McNaughton originated from observations that alteration of ascending signals from noradrenergic system to the hippocampus (either due to septal lesions or due to anxiolytic drugs mimicing the septohippocampal lesion by reducing cholinergic signaling to the hippocampus) altered hippocampal theta rhythm (which is important for arousal) and diminished anxious behavior (Gray et al, 1977). In this theory, the hippocampus receives informations about ''goals'' and processes information such as novelty or familiarity in order to determine the optimal behavior to attain those goals (e.g., learning, McNaughton, 2006).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 76%

Hippocampal activation during a cognitive task is associated with subsequent neuroendocrine and cognitive responses to psychological stress

et al. 2009

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Increased activation of the hypothalamus pituitary adrenal (HPA) axis, marked by increased secretion of cortisol, is a biological marker of psychological stress. It is well established that the hippocampus plays an important role in the regulation of HPA axis activity. The relationship between cortisol (stress-related elevation or exogenous administration) and the hippocampal-related cognitive function is often examined. However, few human studies to date have examined the effect of stress on hippocampal activity and the interactions between stress-induced activation of the HPA axis and hippocampal function during different phases of cognitive function. On the basis of our previous work, we hypothesized that group differences in stress-sensitivity relate to differences in hippocampal-related stress-integration. To test this hypothesis, we conducted a functional MRI study using tasks known to involve the hippocampal formation: novel-picture encoding, psychological stress, and paired-picture recognition. On the basis of their cortisol responses to stress, we divided subjects into stress-responders (increase in cortisol, n = 9) and nonresponders (decrease in cortisol, n = 10). Responders showed higher hippocampal deactivation during the stress task and lower recognition scores due to a larger number of misses. Intriguingly, stress-responders showed significant differences in hippocampal activation already prior to stress, with higher levels of hippocampal activity during the picture encoding. Although effects of both cortisol and hippocampal activation on recognition were present in responders, similar effects were absent in the nonresponder group. Our results indicate that hippocampus plays an important role in adaptive behavioral responses. We hypothesize that states of hippocampal activation prior to stress might reflect states of vigilance or anxiety, which might be important for determining interindividual differences in subsequent stress response and cognitive performance.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 76%

Hippocampal activation during a cognitive task is associated with subsequent neuroendocrine and cognitive responses to psychological stress

et al. 2009

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“…BIS (item sample; ''I have very few fears compared to my friends.'') assesses an individual's response to anxiety-relevant cues in a given environment, and BIS activation is associated with anxiety (Gray, Feldon, Rawlins, Owen, & McNaughton, 1978), being described as anxiety (Takahashi et al, 2007). In contrast, BAS controls sensitivity to potential reward; its purpose is to initiate behavior that brings the organism closer to biological reinforcers, such as food or sexual partners (Corr et al, 1995).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 98%

Personality and substance use in Japanese adolescents: The Japanese version of Substance Use Risk Profile Scale

Omiya

Kobori

Tomoto

et al. 2015

Personality and Individual Differences

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a b s t r a c tSubstance Use Risk Profile Scale (SURPS; Conrod & Woicik, 2002) measures four risk personality dimensions related to substance use; anxiety sensitivity (AS), hopelessness (H), sensation seeking (SS), impulsivity (IMP). The aim of this study is to develop the Japanese version of Substance Use Risk Profile Scale (SURPS-J) and to probe the reliability and validity of this scale to the Japanese context. This study consists of the test of the factor analysis (Study 1; N = 462), the reliability (Study 2; N = 64), and the validity (Study 3; N = 182). Our findings are as below; Study 1 showed the conformed factorial structure of SURPS-J and Study 2 revealed the good test-retest reliability. Additionally, Study 3 demonstrated the adequate validity of SURPS-J and its sensitivity in identifying risky drinking motivations and lifetime tobacco and alcohol use. Results showed that high H individuals are likely to experience smoking under the personal and collective situations, while high SS and IMP individuals are prone to drink alcohol under the collective situation. Additionally, high AS individuals are prone to drink by virtue of negative reinforcement motives and high SS and IMP drink by reason of all drinking reinforcement motives.

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“…The behavioral inhibition system (BIS) is activated by cues of potential threat, punishment, or non-reward, and its function “is to suppress behaviour that is expected to lead to punishment” (Corr, Pickering & Gray, 1995, p. 48). BIS activation is associated with anxiety , a transient emotion experienced while “the individual assesses the options for responding to the threatening situation” (Gray, Feldon, Rawlins, Owen & McNaughton, 1978, p. 286). In contrast, the behavioral activation system (BAS) controls sensitivity to potential rewards; its purpose is to initiate behaviour that brings the organism closer to biological reinforcers (e.g.…”

Section: Motivational Theories Of Psychopathymentioning

confidence: 99%

Psychometric properties of Carver and White’s (1994) BIS/BAS scales in a large sample of offenders

Poythress

Skeem

Weir

et al. 2008

Personality and Individual Differences

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Contemporary motivational theories of psychopathy (Lykken, 1995) employ constructs from Gray's Reinforcement Sensitivity Theory (RST; Gray, 1982), behavioral inhibition system (BIS) and behavioral activation system (BAS) functioning, to explain etiologic differences in psychopathy subtypes. Carver and White's (1994) BIS/BAS scales are the most widely used measures of these constructs, yet there is a dearth of research on how these measures perform with offenders. Using a sample of 1,515 offenders, we found evidence that five, rather than the usual four factors, underpin the BIS/BAS scales. Importantly, BIS items that tap into anxiety and fear sensitivity, respectively, split to form separate factors, yielding a structure that is more consistent with the revised (Gray & McNaughton, 2000) than with the earlier version of RST. Implications for the use of the BIS/BAS scales to study psychopathy in offenders are discussed.

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The Role of the Septo‐Hippocampal System and its Noradrenergic Afferents in Behavioural Responses to Non‐Reward

Cited by 25 publications

References 87 publications

Hippocampal activation during a cognitive task is associated with subsequent neuroendocrine and cognitive responses to psychological stress

Hippocampal activation during a cognitive task is associated with subsequent neuroendocrine and cognitive responses to psychological stress

Personality and substance use in Japanese adolescents: The Japanese version of Substance Use Risk Profile Scale

Psychometric properties of Carver and White’s (1994) BIS/BAS scales in a large sample of offenders

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