The Role of the Primary Information on Importance of the Last Information in Decision Making

Tohidi-Moghaddam, Maryam; Zabbah, Sajjad; Ebrahimpour, Reza

doi:10.18869/acadpub.shefa.4.4.26

Cited by 6 publications

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“…Finally, in order to shed light on the plausible mechanism of the observed effect, we used one successful and the elaborate variant of decision-making models called “drift-diffusion” (Mazurek et al, 2003; Shadlen et al, 2006; Gold and Shadlen, 2007; Voss and Voss, 2007; Kiani et al, 2008; Voss et al, 2013; Tohidi-Moghaddam et al, 2016; Lerche and Voss, 2017; Dully et al, 2018). It has been shown that commitment to a choice is a consequence of a gradual increase in the activity of neurons selective for that specific choice.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Residual Information of Previous Decision Affects Evidence Accumulation in Current Decision

Olianezhad

Zabbah

Tohidi-Moghaddam

et al. 2019

Front. Behav. Neurosci.

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Bias in perceptual decisions can be generally defined as an effect which is controlled by factors other than the decision-relevant information (e.g., perceptual information in a perceptual task, when trials are independent). The literature on decision-making suggests two main hypotheses to account for this kind of bias: internal bias signals are derived from (a) the residual of motor signals generated to report a decision in the past, and (b) the residual of sensory information extracted from the stimulus in the past. Beside these hypotheses, this study suggests that making a decision in the past per se may bias the next decision. We demonstrate the validity of this assumption, first, by performing behavioral experiments based on the two-alternative forced-choice (TAFC) discrimination of motion direction paradigms and, then, we modified the pure drift-diffusion model (DDM) based on the accumulation-to-bound mechanism to account for the sequential effect. In both cases, the trace of the previous trial influences the current decision. Results indicate that the probability of being correct in the current decision increases if it is in line with the previously made decision even in the presence of feedback. Moreover, a modified model that keeps the previous decision information in the starting point of evidence accumulation provides a better fit to the behavioral data. Our findings suggest that the accumulated evidence in the decision-making process after crossing the bound in the previous decision can affect the parameters of information accumulation for the current decision in consecutive trials.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Residual Information of Previous Decision Affects Evidence Accumulation in Current Decision

Olianezhad

Zabbah

Tohidi-Moghaddam

et al. 2019

Front. Behav. Neurosci.

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Changing in the Reaction Time Causes the Confidence Matching in Group Decision Making

2019

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Introduction: Others' decision could cons tantly affect our decisions. There are numerous s tudies which revealed this effect properly. The social influence could affect mos t of the decision parameters, especially the confidence. Recently, an interes ting s tudy showed that participants tend to match their confidence to each other while they preserve their decision accuracy in a group decision making task. Since the decision accuracy is not able to explain this effect, the main ques tion is which decision parameter is changing in a way which could be resulted in changing in the confidence and ultimately the confidence matching. Materials and Methods: In order to answer this ques tion, ten subjects attended into a Psycho-Physic s tudy with two separate sessions; Isolated and Social. In both situations, the participants were required to determine the direction of the presented motion dots and report their decision and confidence simultaneously. In the social situation, subjects were paired with four computergenerated partners, which had been created based on the data from the isolated session. The joint decisions were determined by the decision of either partner which had higher confidence. In this session, confidence and decision of the partner were represented to the participant. Results: The results indicated the subjects not only try to match their confidence to their partners, but also reported higher confidence in comparison with the isolated situation. We observed although the confidence matching did not affect the decision accuracy, however, the reaction time varied significantly in both sessions. Conclusion: This s tudy reveals the role of reaction time in changing the confidence and consequently the confidence matching. This s tudy once again emphasis on the reverse correlation of the reaction time and confidence even in a group decision making task.

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The Relationship Between Pupil Diameter Data and Confidence in Multi-Stage Decisions

2020

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The basic human decision involves several s tages of consecutive decisions. In the presence of multi-s tage decisions, to avoid interruption in the sequence of decisions, there is no possibility to reques t a confidence report on the middle s tages. This inevitably makes to es timate the confidence of the decision. The challenges involved in applying behavioral data to determine confidence, make it more important to use other types of data. Since eye data is associated with the decision process, this s tudy examined the dynamics of involuntary information, in the context of multi-s tage decisions. The pupil size was applied as a valuable source to es timate the decision confidence. Material and Methods: A two-s tage psychophysical experiment was designed. In this experiment, participants were ins tructed to decide about the direction of moving dots in two successive s timuli (right or left for the firs t s tage and up or down for the second s tage).Participants were received correct feedback in a trial when they reported the correct direction of both s timuli. During the experiment, the eye movement data of the participants were recorded by an eye-tracking device. Results: The latency of the pupil diameter signal positive peak and pupil diameter at the time of response were meaningfully associated with decision confidence. Furthermore, the results demons trated that pupil size was altered in the current decision based on the confidence of the previous decision. Conclusion: This research es tablishes that in the multis tage decision making, the confidence of a decision is represented in involuntary information that can reflect the individual's s trategy in complex situations. In addition, the confidence of the previous decision can significantly change voluntary and involuntary behaviors in the same manner.

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The Role of the Primary Information on Importance of the Last Information in Decision Making

Cited by 6 publications

References 0 publications

Residual Information of Previous Decision Affects Evidence Accumulation in Current Decision

Residual Information of Previous Decision Affects Evidence Accumulation in Current Decision

Changing in the Reaction Time Causes the Confidence Matching in Group Decision Making

The Relationship Between Pupil Diameter Data and Confidence in Multi-Stage Decisions

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