The Role of the Pacific‐Japan Pattern in Extreme Heatwaves Over Korea and Japan

Abstract

According to many studies, the intensity and frequency of summer heatwaves are increasing globally (Christensen et al., 2013;Perkins & Alexander, 2013), with the recent increase of heatwaves frequency in East Asia partially attributed to anthropogenic activities (Imada et al., 2018;Shimpo et al., 2019). Considering that heatwaves are characterized by irregular interannual variation, their accurate prediction remains challenging. Consequently, many studies focus on the atmospheric circulations that are directly relevant to the occurrence of heatwaves (

Peculiar weather patterns effects on air pollution and COVID-19 spread in Tokyo metropolis

“…Spatiotemporal variations in precipitation levels depend predominantly on the activities and tracks of mid-latitude disturbances and tropical cyclones, which means that an urban effect is not easily detected in long-term observational data ( Kim et al, 2022 ). Tokyo also often experienced large-scale circulation anomalies associated with extreme climate events like Heat Waves (HWs) and typhoons every year, though few are strong ( Noh et al, 2021 ; Xu et al, 2019 ; Seino et al, 2018 ).…”

Regional compound humidity-heat extremes in the mid-lower reaches of the Yangtze River: a dynamical systems perspective

“…Generally, the heat waves over East Asia are also related to the enhancement of the well-known Western North Pacific Subtropical High (WNPSH; Luo et al 2020, Noh et al 2021. The intensification and the westward extension of WNPSH are significant at 500 hPa in high-α events (figures 6(c) and (d)).…”

“…Marked feature with a zonal wavelike pattern across the Eurasian continent termed as Circumglobal Teleconnection (CGT) by Ding and Wang (2005) can be found in both clusters, represented by a dashed purple arrow in figures 6(a) and (b), strong for high-α2 but weak for high-α1. Another prominent circulation pattern that impacts on hot extremes appears in high-α events is PJ pattern represented by a dashed black arrow and characterized by a meridional wave-like train with two key centers located in Taiwan ( 22• N, 120 • E) and Japan The negative-phase PJ pattern may play an important role in the formation of the RCEs, whereas the positive-phase PJ pattern inhibits the RCEs over the Yangtze River valley but promotes HWs over Korea and Japan (Noh et al 2021). Prolonged RCEs are formed by the combination of CGT and PJ pattern and the location of these wave trains decides whether the spatial structure of Tmean and RH is domainhomogeneous or dipole.…”

Importance of the choice of heat flux parameterization in regional air–sea coupled simulations: Case studies of marine heatwaves induced by atmospheric heatwaves in 1994 and 2018

“…2019; Noh et al, 2021). For example, high atmospheric pressure and downward THF were observed throughout the Yellow Sea and the East Sea.…”

“…The first is an extensive MHW mode that occurs due to the warming of the subtropical northwest Pacific Ocean during El Niño southern oscillation events from early winter. The second mode, which shows a dipole shape in the EAMS, develops abruptly near the Korean Peninsula and occurs primarily due to stagnant anticyclones (Yeo et al, 2019;Noh et al, 2021). The previous studies have indicated that a strong downward turbulent heat flux (THF), i.e., the sum of sensible heat flux (SHF) and LHF, exists in the Korean Strait when stagnant anticyclones lead to the development of MHWs.…”