The Role of the Ocular Surface Microbiome (OSM) in Diseases of the Anterior Segment and Ocular Surface

Cavuoto, Kara M.; Zhu, Angela Y.

doi:10.1007/s40135-022-00294-4

Cited by 4 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 76 publications

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“…The ocular microbiome is a complex mixture of the microorganisms inhabiting the facial skin, eyelids, conjunctiva, and cornea [57]. Dysregulation of several pathological and opportunistic bacterial species have been found in association with DED, MGD, and demodex blepharitis with the common finding of dysbiosis among patients.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tear and Saliva Metabolomics in Evaporative Dry Eye Disease in Females

Fineide,

Tashbayev,

Elgstøen

et al. 2023

Metabolites

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Accurate diagnosis of dry eye disease (DED) is challenging, and even today there is no gold standard biomarker of DED. Hypothesis-free global metabolomic studies of tears from DED patients have great potential to discover metabolites and pathways affected in the pathophysiology of DED, and to identify possible future biomarkers. These metabolites and biomarkers could be important for diagnosing and monitoring disease as well as for new therapeutic targets and strategies. As DED is associated with dry mouth, this study aimed to perform metabolomic analyses of tears and saliva from patients with decreased tear film break-up time but normal Schirmer test, and age-matched controls with both tear production and stability within physiological range. We applied strict inclusion criteria to reduce sampling bias in the metabolomic analyses and selected only age-matched females with Schirmer test values between 10–15 mm/5 min. The tear film analysis arm included 19 patients (with tear film break-up time 0–5 s) and 12 controls (with tear film break-up time 10–30 s), while the salivary analysis arm consisted of a subset which included 18 patients and six controls. Metabolomic analyses were performed using liquid chromatography and high-resolution mass spectrometry. Analyses using a global database search detected a total of 56 metabolites in tear samples that were significantly different between the groups. Of these, several have known associations with DED. These metabolites are present in meibum and have anti-oxidative characteristics or associations with the ocular microbiome, and altered concentrations suggest that they may play a significant role in DED associated with decreased tear film stability. In saliva, hypotaurine levels were lower among patients with tear film instability. In this pilot study, we found different levels of several metabolites in patients with decreased tear film break-up time that may have associations with DED. Future studies are required to replicate our findings and clarify the exact roles of these metabolites.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tear and Saliva Metabolomics in Evaporative Dry Eye Disease in Females

Fineide,

Tashbayev,

Elgstøen

et al. 2023

Metabolites

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“…Similar to lipopolysaccharide gram-positive bacteria supernatants may induce allergic immune responses in human beings. Dysbiosis of the ocular surface microbiome plays an important role in ocular pathogenesis (Cavuoto and Zhu 2022). Epithelial layer dysfunction role has been indicated in rhinitis, atopic dermatitis, food allergies and asthma (Singh et al 2022) coeliac disease, eosinophilic esophagitis and in ammatory bowel disease (Akdis 2021).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phleum pratense-pollen adaptive variations and pollen microbiome investigation under different climatic regions and prospects of allergenicity

Humayun,

Naseem,

Goodman

et al. 2023

Preprint

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Phleum pratense is an allergenic grass that pollinates in spring. Databases Allergenonline.org and Allergen.org record ten P. pratense allergens and their isoforms. Phl P 1, Phlp 5 and Phl p 11 are major P. pratense-pollen allergens with demonstrated basophil activity and skin test reactivity. Little is known about P. pratense pollen adaptive variations in different climatic regions and pollen associated microbial diversity. In this study, we collected P. pratense-pollens in the spring season 2022, from three climatic regions (R1, R2 and R3) in Pakistan having difference in mean annual air temperature, mean annual precipitation and elevation. The morphology of pollens was observed by light microscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), biochemical fingerprint analysis and composition of pollens were investigated by fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The pollen-associated bacterium was identified through Biolog GEN III microplate system. The pollen water-soluble proteins were isolated and stabilized in phosphate buffer saline (PBS) and tested for allergenicity response through dot blots and western blots analysis. Morphological study found difference in pollen biochemical composition. Biolog identified Brevibacterium epidermidis from P. pratense pollens. Protein extracts quantification and sodium dodecyl sulfate-poly acrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) gel found decreased protein expression in R1 region pollens in comparison to R2 and R3 regions pollens. Allergenicity studies found differential expression of beta-expansin and profilin (allergens) in pollens obtained from three regions. Beta-expansin and profilin were suppressed in R1 pollens, and expressed in R2 and R3 pollens. This is the first study to identify B. epidermidis growth on P. pratense pollen. A variable allergen expression in P. pratense pollens has also been observed in different regions. An increase in mean annual temperature and decrease in mean annual precipitation affected pollen biochemical composition, and inhibited beta-expansin and profilin expression involved in pollen growth and development. Therefore, the findings of the research are unique, which enhances basic knowledge and understanding of P. pratense-pollen associated microbiota and climate change impacts on the pollen allergen expression.

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