The role of the ocean in the Madden–Julian Oscillation: Implications for MJO prediction

Woolnough, Steven J.; Vitart, Frédéric; Balmaseda, Magdalena

doi:10.1002/qj.4

Cited by 192 publications

(176 citation statements)

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“…The observed near-quadrature phase relationship is reproduced in a coupled system (Rajendran and Kitoh, 2006), and results in a better simulation of the MJO (e.g. Woolnough et al, 2007;DeMott et al, 2014) as well as the northward-propagating Boreal summer intraseasonal oscillation (BSISO; e.g. Seo et al, 2007;Wang et al, 2009).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 90%

“…The SST response in slab models is often muted due to the slab's large thermal capacity and constant mixing depth. Studies have shown that fine upper-ocean vertical resolution allows coupled models to accurately represent subseasonal variations in mixed-layer depth and SST, which in turn enhances tropical subseasonal variability in convection and circulation (Woolnough et al, 2007;Klingaman et al, 2011;Tseng et al, 2014). Therefore, tropical subseasonal variability in a slab ocean model is very sensitive to the choice of mixing depth (e.g.…”

Section: Air-sea Coupling In Global Climate Modelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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MetUM-GOML1: a near-globally coupled atmosphere–ocean-mixed-layer model

2015

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Abstract. Well-resolved air-sea interactions are simulated in a new ocean mixed-layer, coupled configuration of the Met Office Unified Model (MetUM-GOML), comprising the MetUM coupled to the Multi-Column K Profile Parameterization ocean (MC-KPP). This is the first globally coupled system which provides a vertically resolved, high near-surface resolution ocean at comparable computational cost to running in atmosphere-only mode. As well as being computationally inexpensive, this modelling framework is adaptable -the independent MC-KPP columns can be applied selectively in space and time -and controllable -by using temperature and salinity corrections the model can be constrained to any ocean state.The framework provides a powerful research tool for process-based studies of the impact of air-sea interactions in the global climate system. MetUM simulations have been performed which separate the impact of introducing interannual variability in sea surface temperatures (SSTs) from the impact of having atmosphere-ocean feedbacks. The representation of key aspects of tropical and extratropical variability are used to assess the performance of these simulations. Coupling the MetUM to MC-KPP is shown, for example, to reduce tropical precipitation biases, improve the propagation of, and spectral power associated with, the MaddenJulian Oscillation and produce closer-to-observed patterns of springtime blocking activity over the Euro-Atlantic region.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 90%

Section: Air-sea Coupling In Global Climate Modelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

MetUM-GOML1: a near-globally coupled atmosphere–ocean-mixed-layer model

2015

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“…Given moisture's central role, it is not surprising that some improvements can also be found by altering the moistening tendencies of convection, for example, by increasing the amount of evaporation of convective rain [Maloney, 2009;Del Genio et al, 2012]. While model resolution does not consistently impact a simulated MJO [Crueger et al, 2012;Holloway et al, 2013], an interactive ocean usually improves the MJO simulation [Waliser et al, 1999;Sperber et al, 2005;Woolnough et al, 2007;X. Jiang et al, submitted manuscript, 2014].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The parametric sensitivity of CAM5's MJO

et al. 2015

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We systematically explore the ability of the Community Atmospheric Model version 5 (CAM5) to simulate the Madden-Julian Oscillation (MJO), through an analysis of MJO metrics calculated from a 1100-member perturbed parameter ensemble of 5 year simulations with observed sea surface temperatures. Parameters from the deep convection scheme make the greatest contribution to the variance in MJO simulation quality with a much smaller contribution from parameters in the large-scale cloud, shallow convection, and boundary layer turbulence schemes. Improved MJO variability results from a larger lateral entrainment rate and a reduction in the precipitation efficiency of deep convection that was achieved by a smaller autoconversion of cloud to rainwater and a larger evaporation of convective precipitation. Unfortunately, simulations with an improved MJO also have a significant negative impact on the climatological values of low-level cloud and absorbed shortwave radiation, suggesting that structural in addition to parametric modifications to CAM5's parameterization suite are needed in order to simultaneously well simulate the MJO and mean-state climate.

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“…Other studies have focused on the role of diurnal SST variability on air-sea feedbacks (Lau and Sui 1997;Clayson and Chen 2002;Bernie et al 2008). These studies have demonstrated that using a 24-hourly-mean SST or a predawn SST (roughly equivalent to a foundation SST; Donlon et al 2007) changes prediction capability of such ocean-atmosphere-coupled phenomena as convection and the Madden-Julian oscillation (MJO) (Woolnough et al 2007). Recent modeling studies clearly demonstrate the need to resolve diurnal SST variability even for interannual variability [e.g., Mason et al (2012), where it is shown that not resolving instantaneous diurnal SST variability can lead to a decrease in ENSO amplitude of 15%].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effect of Diurnal Sea Surface Temperature Warming on Climatological Air–Sea Fluxes

Clayson

Bogdanoff

2013

Journal of Climate

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Diurnal sea surface warming affects the fluxes of latent heat, sensible heat, and upwelling longwave radiation. Diurnal warming most typically reaches maximum values of 38C, although very localized events may reach 78-88C. An analysis of multiple years of diurnal warming over the global ice-free oceans indicates that heat fluxes determined by using the predawn sea surface temperature can differ by more than 100% in localized regions over those in which the sea surface temperature is allowed to fluctuate on a diurnal basis. A comparison of flux climatologies produced by these two analyses demonstrates that significant portions of the tropical oceans experience differences on a yearly average of up to 10 W m 22. Regions with the highest climatological differences include the Arabian Sea and the Bay of Bengal, as well as the equatorial western and eastern Pacific Ocean, the Gulf of Mexico, and the western coasts of Central America and North Africa. Globally the difference is on average 4.45 W m 22. The difference in the evaporation rate globally is on the order of 4% of the total oceanatmosphere evaporation. Although the instantaneous, year-to-year, and seasonal fluctuations in various locations can be substantial, the global average differs by less than 0.1 W m 22 throughout the entire 10-yr time period. A global heat budget that uses atmospheric datasets containing diurnal variability but a sea surface temperature that has removed this signal may be underestimating the flux to the atmosphere by a fairly constant value.

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The role of the ocean in the Madden–Julian Oscillation: Implications for MJO prediction

Cited by 192 publications

References 35 publications

MetUM-GOML1: a near-globally coupled atmosphere–ocean-mixed-layer model

MetUM-GOML1: a near-globally coupled atmosphere–ocean-mixed-layer model

The parametric sensitivity of CAM5's MJO

The Effect of Diurnal Sea Surface Temperature Warming on Climatological Air–Sea Fluxes

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