2023
DOI: 10.1039/d0cs01051k
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The role of the light source in antimicrobial photodynamic therapy

Abstract: Antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (APDT) is a promising approach to fight the growing problem of antimicrobial resistance that threatens health care, food security and agriculture. Suitable light sources include lasers, LEDs, OLEDs and lamps.

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Cited by 77 publications
(50 citation statements)
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References 445 publications
(307 reference statements)
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“…356−358 Selective and efficient PDT can also be realized by precisely manipulating the light irradiation area, which is an effective way to minimize side effects to healthy tissues. 359 Besides, PDT exhibits several other merits such as noninvasiveness, few side effects, negligible drug resistance and low systemic toxicity, all of which has motivated scientists to work on PDT as a therapeutic modality for disease treatment. 360,361 As one of the key elements in PDT, various PSs such as porphyrin, chlorin, phthalocyanine, squaraine, BODIPY derivatives, and transition metal complexes have been explored so far to date.…”
Section: Combat Diseases: Cancer Theranostics and Bacterial Eliminationmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…356−358 Selective and efficient PDT can also be realized by precisely manipulating the light irradiation area, which is an effective way to minimize side effects to healthy tissues. 359 Besides, PDT exhibits several other merits such as noninvasiveness, few side effects, negligible drug resistance and low systemic toxicity, all of which has motivated scientists to work on PDT as a therapeutic modality for disease treatment. 360,361 As one of the key elements in PDT, various PSs such as porphyrin, chlorin, phthalocyanine, squaraine, BODIPY derivatives, and transition metal complexes have been explored so far to date.…”
Section: Combat Diseases: Cancer Theranostics and Bacterial Eliminationmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…This NIR light is weakly absorbed and scattered by tissues and penetrates deeper into biological samples than the shorter wavelengths used for excitation of fluorescence through onephoton absorption. 27,28 In most cases, the TPEFM imaging of biological systems is carried out not through autofluorescence (which is usually weak) but with the use of fluorescent markers. The design of new candidates for such an application needs to take into account physical, chemical, and biological aspects of the experiments such as the presence of effective TPA in the first biological-window wavelength range, high fluorescence quantum yield, and compatibility with aqueous media.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Typically, irradiation in the near-infrared (NIR) region (in the first biological window) is used. This NIR light is weakly absorbed and scattered by tissues and penetrates deeper into biological samples than the shorter wavelengths used for excitation of fluorescence through one-photon absorption. , …”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…4,5 One possibility is the photodynamic inhibition or photodynamic inactivation (PDI) of pathogenic bacteria, in which the oxidative stress following irradiation with visible light leads to microbial death. 6 PDI operates through the synergistic action of molecular oxygen, naturally present in cells, appropriately designed nontoxic photosensitizers (PS) and light. Upon light excitation, the PS ends up in a triplet state that can transfer energy/ electrons to molecular oxygen.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%