The role of the left posterior parietal lobule in top‐down modulation on space‐based attention: A transcranial magnetic stimulation study

Du, Xiaoming; Chen, Lin; Zhou, Ke

doi:10.1002/hbm.21383

Cited by 20 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 91 publications

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“…Our findings indicate that the PPC can nevertheless be fractionated in terms of the subregions that are necessary for particular functional operations in the interplay between WM and attention. For instance, earlier studies have demonstrated that left PPC is involved in endogenous orienting to spatially cued locations (Du, Chen, & Zhou, 2012), but our results extend these findings to specify that left PPC is critical in exerting strategic control over the WM-attention relationship according to trial validity. Stimulating left PPC did not produce a general impact on effects of validity or predictability but, as anticipated, revealed that one of the region’s specific functions is to voluntarily boost the impact of WM content on visual attention when it is known to be helpful.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 83%

“…The more superior and anterior area of the PPC that was stimulated on the right, for instance, corresponds to a region that has been shown, with neuroimaging, to be functionally correlated with activity in the dorsal premotor cortex (Mars et al, 2011), and is activated by the updating of visuo-motor contingencies (Rushworth, Paus, & Sipila, 2001), which aligns with its role here in overcoming WM-matching visual distractors and responding to targets instead. The more inferior and posterior area that was stimulated on the left, however, has been shown to be functionally connected with the parahippocampal gyrus and anterior prefrontal cortex (Mars et al, 2011), and associated with endogenous spatial orienting (Du et al, 2012; Thiel, Zilles, & Fink, 2004), consistent with its role here in strategically attending WM-matching targets. The distinct functional and anatomical connections of the stimulated subcomponents of left and right PPC may underlie their unique contributions to the interaction between WM content and visual attention.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 63%

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Dissociable causal roles for left and right parietal cortex in controlling attentional biases from the contents of working memory

et al. 2014

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The contents of working memory (WM) steer visual attention, but the extent of this guidance can be strategically enhanced or inhibited when WM content is reliably helpful or harmful to a visual task. Current understanding of the neural substrates mediating the cognitive control over WM biases is limited, however, by the correlational nature of functional MRI approaches. A recent fMRI study provided suggestive evidence for a functional lateralization of these control processes in posterior parietal cortex (PPC): activity in left PPC correlated with the presentation of WM cues that ought to be strategically enhanced to optimize performance, while activity in the right PPC correlated with the presentation of cues that ought to be inhibited to prevent detrimental attentional biases in a visual search. Here, we aimed to directly assess whether the left and right PPC are causally involved in the cognitive control of WM biases, and to clarify their precise functional contributions. We therefore applied 1Hz repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) to left and right PPC (and a vertex control site) prior to administering a behavioral task assessing WM biasing control functions. We observed that the perturbation of left PPC eliminated the strategic benefit of predictably helpful WM cueing, while the perturbation of right PPC amplified the cost of unpredictable detrimental WM cueing. Left and right PPC thus play distinct causal roles in WM-attention interactions: left PPC to maximize benefits, and right PPC to minimize costs, of internally maintained content on visual attention.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 83%

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 63%

Dissociable causal roles for left and right parietal cortex in controlling attentional biases from the contents of working memory

et al. 2014

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“…Prior to the start of the experiment each subject underwent an anatomical MRI scan. These images were imported into Brainsight™ TMS Frameless Navigation system (Rogue Research Inc, Montreal, Canada) to allow for online control of coil positioning (Du, Chen, & Zhou, 2012). The stimulus target was the scalp position above the left motor cortex where TMS induced the maximum peak-to-peak MEP amplitude from the right FDI muscle on each session.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Individualized Brain Inhibition and Excitation Profile in Response to Paired-Pulse TMS

Summerfelt

Chiappelli

et al. 2013

Journal of Motor Behavior

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Short-interval intracortical inhibition (SICI) and intracortical facilitation (ICF) are generated from paired-pulse transcranial magnetic stimulations (ppTMS) using certain interstimulus intervals (ISIs). ppTMS provides an accessible technique to evaluate inhibitory/facilitatory motor neural circuits. However, SICI and ICF are highly variable such that individual variability is not captured by any one static ISI. We hypothesized that individuals may have individualized and relatively stable pattern of SICI/ICF profiles. We tested SICI and ICF profiles using ISIs from 1 to 500 ms, on 2 occasions about 3 weeks apart, and the test-retest reliability, in 23 healthy controls. Moderate-to-good test-retest reliabilities were found at ppTMS with 1 and 3 ms ISIs (SICI) and with 12, 15, 18 and 21 ms ISIs (ICF), but not with other control ISIs. A similar pattern of results was obtained for males and females. Interestingly, the peak facilitation, peak inhibition and maximum inhibition/facilitation ranges were individualized, such that they varied considerably across individuals but had high repeatability within individual (Cronbach’s alpha = 0.76 to 0.85). Therefore, individuals appear to have unique inhibition/facilitation profiles that are relatively stable. Although the functional implications of individualized profiles are currently unknown, the relatively stable profiles may index underlying neural inhibition and excitation traits.

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“…Imaging data were collected using a Siemens 3T Trio scanner and a 32 channel head coil located at the Maryland Psychiatric Research Center. The structural images were imported into Brainsight™ TMS Frameless Navigation system (Rogue Research Inc, Montreal, Canada) to allow for online control of precise coil positioning (Du et al 2012). The stimulus target for each participant was the scalp position above the left hemisphere where TMS induced the maximum peak-to-peak MEP amplitude from the right first dorsal interosseous muscle (averaged MNI stereotaxic coordinates: -43, -12, 63).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neural summation in human motor cortex by subthreshold transcranial magnetic stimulations

Choa

Summerfelt

et al. 2014

Exp Brain Res

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Integration of diverse synaptic inputs is a basic neuronal operation that relies on many neurocomputational principles, one of which is neural summation. However, we lack empirical understanding of neuronal summation in the human brains in vivo. Here we explored the effect of neural summation in the motor cortex using two subthreshold pulses of transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS), each with intensities ranging from 60% - 95% of the resting motor threshold (RMT) and interstimulus intervals (ISI) varying from 1 – 25 ms. We found that two subthreshold TMS pulses can produce supra threshold motor response when ISIs were less than 10 ms, most prominent at 1, 1.5 and 3 ms. This facilitatory, above threshold response was evident when the intensity of the subthreshold pulses were above 80% of RMT but was absent as the intensity was 70% or below. Modeling of the summation data across intensity suggested that they followed an exponential function with excellent model fitting. Understanding the constraints for inducing summation of subthreshold stimulations to generate above threshold response may have implications in modeling neural operations and potential clinical applications.

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The role of the left posterior parietal lobule in top‐down modulation on space‐based attention: A transcranial magnetic stimulation study

Cited by 20 publications

References 91 publications

Dissociable causal roles for left and right parietal cortex in controlling attentional biases from the contents of working memory

Dissociable causal roles for left and right parietal cortex in controlling attentional biases from the contents of working memory

Individualized Brain Inhibition and Excitation Profile in Response to Paired-Pulse TMS

Neural summation in human motor cortex by subthreshold transcranial magnetic stimulations

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