“…[13][14][15][16] Surveys in various surgical specialties including general surgery, neurosurgery, and orthopedics have all reported high ratings of the educational value of journal clubs by both residents and program directors. [17][18][19][20] However, similar to EBM curricula discussed above, journal clubs in surgery are not generally standardized and there is variation in the format of journal clubs. Furthermore, the effectiveness of surgical journal clubs is less researched compared with other medical specialties (eg, internal medicine, emergency medicine).…”