The role of the innate immune system in psychiatric disorders

Jones, Kenneth A.; Thomsen, C.

doi:10.1016/j.mcn.2012.10.002

Cited by 234 publications

(175 citation statements)

References 143 publications

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“…Given the diversity of infections that show a connection to the spectrum of autism disorders (Boksa, 2010;Libbey et al, 2005), as well as evidence from MIA models that reaction to infection rather than infection itself may lead to autismrelated symptoms (Shi et al, 2003), a possible common etiology may be the influence of the immune system (Gottfried et al, 2015;Lintas et al, 2010;Zhang et al, 2010). Cytokines, small cell-signaling proteins that act as immunomodulatory and endocrine messengers, have been implicated throughout the process of CNS development (Boulanger, 2009;Jones and Thomsen, 2013). The immune cells that produce cytokines following activation are separated into two populations of cells: innate and adaptive.…”

Section: Cytokinesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, it should be considered that there might be a combination of these three pathways. Maternal inflammation history and the pro-inflammatory/anti-inflammatory cytokine balance are thus particularly important avenues for further study, especially at the interface between mother and fetus (Meyer et al, 2008;Jones and Thomsen, 2013;Young et al, 2016).…”

Section: Cytokinesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Inflammation and immune signaling dysregulation can strongly influence neuropsychiatric behavior beyond just ASD (Haroon et al, 2012;Meyer and Feldon, 2009), with evidence pointing toward roles in bipolar disorder and PTSD (Jones and Thomsen, 2013), and perhaps most emphatically in schizophrenia (Brown et al, 2004b;Meyer and Feldon, 2009;Michel et al, 2012;Patterson, 2009). Schizophrenia and autism share many immune similarities, including a subset of patients with an etiology based in maternal infection and immune activation (Bauman et al, 2014;Boksa, 2010;Brown et al, 2004a;Meyer et al, 2005Meyer et al, , 2007Patterson, 2009;Urakubo et al, 2001).…”

Section: Asd As An Autoimmune Disordermentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Role of the Immune System in Autism Spectrum Disorder

Meltzer

Water

2016

Neuropsychopharmacol

384

293

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Autism is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by deficits in communication and social skills as well as repetitive and stereotypical behaviors. While much effort has focused on the identification of genes associated with autism, research emerging within the past two decades suggests that immune dysfunction is a viable risk factor contributing to the neurodevelopmental deficits observed in autism spectrum disorders (ASD). Further, it is the heterogeneity within this disorder that has brought to light much of the current thinking regarding the subphenotypes within ASD and how the immune system is associated with these distinctions. This review will focus on the two main axes of immune involvement in ASD, namely dysfunction in the prenatal and postnatal periods. During gestation, prenatal insults including maternal infection and subsequent immunological activation may increase the risk of autism in the child. Similarly, the presence of maternally derived anti-brain autoantibodies found in~20% of mothers whose children are at risk for developing autism has defined an additional subphenotype of ASD. The postnatal environment, on the other hand, is characterized by related but distinct profiles of immune dysregulation, inflammation, and endogenous autoantibodies that all persist within the affected individual. Further definition of the role of immune dysregulation in ASD thus necessitates a deeper understanding of the interaction between both maternal and child immune systems, and the role they have in diagnosis and treatment.

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Section: Cytokinesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Cytokinesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Asd As An Autoimmune Disordermentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Role of the Immune System in Autism Spectrum Disorder

Meltzer

Water

2016

Neuropsychopharmacol

384

293

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“…For example, microglia play major roles in neuroimmunological and neuroinflammatory processes via transcriptional regulation of proor anti-inflammatory cytokines and neurotrophic factors, which also play important roles in the development of psychiatric disorders [55]. Microglia can differentiate into M1 and M2 phenotypes during these processes [56].…”

Section: Microglial Gene Expression Abnormalities In Psychiatric Postmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microglial Gene Expression Alterations in the Brains of Patients with Psychiatric Disorders

Sakai

Takahashi

et al. 2016

NIB

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Abstract.As recent studies have shown that microglia play a key role in inflammation and immunological challenges as well as have broader roles in synaptic modulation in the brain, studies on psychiatric disorders have increasingly focused on microglia. Microglial abnormalities have consistently been observed in psychiatric postmortem brain studies, including altered microglial activation and changes in the protein and mRNA expression levels of microglial marker molecules, such as major histocompatibility complex, class II, DR (HLA-DR), complement receptor type 3 (CD11b), ionized calcium binding adaptor molecule 1 (IBA-1), macrosialin (CD68) and glucose transporter type 5 (GLUT5). Microglial abnormalities have also been observed in positron emission tomography (PET) studies. Recent advances in omics-based microglial gene expression profiling of psychiatric brains may elucidate microglial involvement in the pathogeneses of psychiatric disorders. In the present paper, we review the current status of research on expression profiling of microglia-relevant molecules in psychiatric postmortem and imaging studies and we discuss future research directions.

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“…4,5 Cytokines such as interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interferon-α (IFN-α) and interferon-γ (IFN-γ), as well as reactive oxygen species and reactive nitrogen species, cause disruptions in neurogenesis, neuronal excitability, synaptic transmission, synaptic plasticity and neuronal survival. 6,7 These disturbances have been implicated in the development and progression of neuropsychiatric disorders.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%