The Role of the Informal Sector in a Rurbanised Environment

Schneider, P.; Anh, Lê Hùng; Šembera, Jan; Silva-Martínez, Rodolfo Daniel

doi:10.5772/intechopen.70169

Cited by 4 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…One probable reason could be that rural inhabitants were more prone to be distressed and anxious during the COVID-19 pandemic because of inadequate health care facilities, limited capabilities for public protection, and the unavailability of appropriate information [ 28 , 29 ], which might have led to increased tobacco use among the participants. Moreover, rural respondents are more dependent on other income-earning members who mainly work in the informal sector [ 30 ]; thus, they might have greater anxiety about future job losses of family members. This combined with the low literacy rate among older adults [ 31 ] could also lead to increased tobacco use.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Changes in Tobacco Use Patterns during COVID-19 and Their Correlates among Older Adults in Bangladesh

Mistry

Ali

Rahman

et al. 2021

IJERPH

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The present study explored the changes in tobacco use patterns during the COVID-19 pandemic and their correlates among older adults in Bangladesh. This cross-sectional study was conducted among 1032 older adults aged ≥60 years in Bangladesh through telephone interviews in October 2020. Participants’ characteristics and COVID-19-related information were gathered using a pretested semi-structured questionnaire. Participants were asked if they noted any change in their tobacco use patterns (smoking or smokeless tobacco) during the COVID-19 pandemic compared to pre-pandemic (6 months prior to the survey). Nearly half of the participants (45.6%) were current tobacco users, of whom 15.9% reported increased tobacco use during the COVID-19 pandemic and all others had no change in their tobacco use patterns. Tobacco use was significantly increased among the participants from rural areas, who had reduced communications during COVID-19 compared to pre-pandemic (OR = 2.76, 95%CI:1.51–5.03). Participants who were aged ≥70 years (OR = 0.33, 95% CI: 0.14–0.77), widowed (OR = 0.36, 95% CI: 0.13–1.00), had pre-existing, non-communicable, and/or chronic conditions (OR = 0.44, 95% CI :0.25–0.78), and felt themselves at the highest risk of COVID-19 (OR = 0.31, 95% CI: 0.15–0.62), had significantly lower odds of increased tobacco use. Policy makers and practitioners need to focus on strengthening awareness and raising initiatives to avoid tobacco use during such a crisis period.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Changes in Tobacco Use Patterns during COVID-19 and Their Correlates among Older Adults in Bangladesh

Mistry

Ali

Rahman

et al. 2021

IJERPH

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“…Waste-related questionnaires applied to rural communities could fill some knowledge gaps regarding the status of plastic waste management [20], the progress of environmental awareness [292], or the implementation of plastic ban policies [293]. Fieldwork is necessary to examine the role of the informal sector in rural plastic waste diversion from landfills and wild dumps [294]. Citizen science could provide human resources to cover a nationwide assessment of plastic pollution practices including rural communities [295].…”

Section: Rural Knowledge Gaps In Waste Management and Plastic Pollutionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Plastic Pollution, Waste Management Issues, and Circular Economy Opportunities in Rural Communities

et al. 2021

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Rural areas are exposed to severe environmental pollution issues fed by industrial and agricultural activities combined with poor waste and sanitation management practices, struggling to achieve the United Nations’ Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) in line with Agenda 2030. Rural communities are examined through a “dual approach” as both contributors and receivers of plastic pollution leakage into the natural environment (through the air–water–soil–biota nexus). Despite the emerging trend of plastic pollution research, in this paper, we identify few studies investigating rural communities. Therefore, proxy analysis of peer-reviewed literature is required to outline the significant gaps related to plastic pollution and plastic waste management issues in rural regions. This work focuses on key stages such as (i) plastic pollution effects on rural communities, (ii) plastic pollution generated by rural communities, (iii) the development of a rural waste management sector in low- and middle-income countries in line with the SDGs, and (iv) circular economy opportunities to reduce plastic pollution in rural areas. We conclude that rural communities must be involved in both future plastic pollution and circular economy research to help decision makers reduce environmental and public health threats, and to catalyze circular initiatives in rural areas around the world, including less developed communities.

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“…At the same time, traditional value chain recycling may have been interrupted – for example, by incompletely designed and under-financed attempts to copy municipal recycling systems in Europe – or owing to pressure from donors. Disposal is not yet priced, so municipal recycling is absent, and these countries fall into a transitional status where neither value chain nor municipal recycling are working completely, and may be competing with each other (Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, in press; Scheinberg et al, 2010a; see also Strasser, 1999, on this process in the US; or Gille, 2007, on recycling in state socialist Hungary).…”

Section: Recycling Performance and Recovery Rates In The Habitat Book Citiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Recent studies of the role and impact of informal recycling in cities use the process flow diagram approach to track the flow of materials and to show the relationship of service and value chains, stakeholders, and flows of money. Modelling materials flows gives quite a lot of information about where transactions occur, and how materials move between service and value chain (Scheinberg et al, 2010a).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A tale of five cities: Using recycling frameworks to analyse inclusive recycling performance

Scheinberg¹,

Simpson

2015

Waste Manag Res

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'Recycling' is a source of much confusion, particularly when comparing solid waste systems in high-income countries with those in low- and middle-income countries. Few analysts can explain why the performance and structure of recycling appears to be so different in rich countries from poor ones, nor why well-meaning efforts to implement recycling so often fail. The analysis of policy drivers, and the Integrated Sustainable Waste Management (ISWM) framework, come close to an explanation.This article builds on these earlier works, focusing in on five cities profiled in the 2010 UN-Habitat publication (Scheinberg A, Wilson DC and Rodic L (2010) Solid Waste Management in the World's Cities. UN-Habitat's Third Global Report on the State of Water and Sanitation in the World's Cities. Newcastle-on-Tyne, UK: Earthscan Publications). Data from these cities and others provides the basis for developing a new tool to analyse inclusive recycling performance. The points of departure are the institutional and economic relationships between the service chain, the public obligation to remove waste, pollution, and other forms of disvalue, and the value chain, a system of private enterprises trading valuable materials and providing markets for recyclables. The methodological innovation is to use flows of materials and money as indicators of institutional relationships, and is an extension of process flow diagramming.The authors are using the term 'recycling framework analysis' to describe this new form of institutional analysis. The diagrams increase our understanding of the factors that contribute to high-performance inclusive recycling. By focusing on institutional relationships, the article seeks to improve analysis, planning, and ultimately, outcomes, of recycling interventions.

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The Role of the Informal Sector in a Rurbanised Environment

Cited by 4 publications

References 14 publications

Changes in Tobacco Use Patterns during COVID-19 and Their Correlates among Older Adults in Bangladesh

Changes in Tobacco Use Patterns during COVID-19 and Their Correlates among Older Adults in Bangladesh

Plastic Pollution, Waste Management Issues, and Circular Economy Opportunities in Rural Communities

A tale of five cities: Using recycling frameworks to analyse inclusive recycling performance

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