The role of the immune system in posttraumatic stress disorder

Katrinli, Şeyma; Oliveira, Nayara Cristina dos Santos; Felger, Jennifer C.; Michopoulos, Vasiliki; Smith, Alicia K.

doi:10.1038/s41398-022-02094-7

Cited by 52 publications

(35 citation statements)

References 242 publications

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“…Further support for our findings comes from Universal Protein Knowledgebase functional annotation. The molecular function and biological process data show that several genes are implicated in each of several broad mechanisms, including the immune response or inflammation, apoptosis, and energy metabolism, which have been implicated in PTSD (Chen et al, 2020; Katrinli et al, 2022; Somvanshi et al, 2019). Several of the genes identified, and by extension, their associated pathways, are thought to be broadly implicated in the development of psychiatric disorders.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identifying genetic loci that are associated with changes in gene expression in PTSD in a South African cohort

Swart

Plessis

Rust

et al. 2023

Journal of Neurochemistry

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The molecular mechanisms underlying posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) are yet to be fully elucidated, especially in underrepresented population groups. Expression quantitative trait loci (eQTLs) are DNA sequence variants that influence gene expression, in a local (cis‐) or distal (trans‐) manner, and subsequently impact cellular, tissue, and system physiology. This study aims to identify genetic loci associated with gene expression changes in a South African PTSD cohort. Genome‐wide genotype and RNA‐sequencing data were obtained from 32 trauma‐exposed controls and 35 PTSD cases of mixed‐ancestry, as part of the SHARED ROOTS project. The first approach utilised 108 937 single‐nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) (MAF > 10%) and 11 312 genes with Matrix eQTL to map potential eQTLs, while controlling for covariates as appropriate. The second analysis was focused on 5638 SNPs related to a previously calculated PTSD polygenic risk score for this cohort. SNP‐gene pairs were considered eQTLs if they surpassed Bonferroni correction and had a false discovery rate <0.05. We did not identify eQTLs that significantly influenced gene expression in a PTSD‐dependent manner. However, several known cis‐eQTLs, independent of PTSD diagnosis, were observed. rs8521 (C > T) was associated with TAGLN and SIDT2 expression, and rs11085906 (C > T) was associated with ZNF333 expression. This exploratory study provides insight into the molecular mechanisms associated with PTSD in a non‐European, admixed sample population. This study was limited by the cross‐sectional design and insufficient statistical power. Overall, this study should encourage further multi‐omics approaches towards investigating PTSD in diverse populations.image

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identifying genetic loci that are associated with changes in gene expression in PTSD in a South African cohort

Swart

Plessis

Rust

et al. 2023

Journal of Neurochemistry

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“…Exposures to neurotoxicants that were present during the GW have been associated with elevations in various markers of inflammation in murine species (Ashbrook et al., 2018; Koo et al., 2018; Locker et al., 2017; Miller et al., 2018). Elevated inflammatory activity has also been associated with PTSD and may play a significant role in its pathogenesis (Hori & Kim, 2019; Katrinli et al., 2022). Consistent with this theory, a recent meta‐analysis of cross‐sectional studies showed that C‐reactive protein (CRP), interleukin 6, and tumor necrosis factor‐α were significantly elevated in patients with PTSD in comparison with healthy controls (Yang & Jiang, 2020).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Military exposures and Gulf War illness in veterans with and without posttraumatic stress disorder

Boyle,

Upchurch,

Gifford

et al. 2023

Journal of Traumatic Stress

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Gulf War illness (GWI) is a chronic multisymptom disorder of unknown etiology that is believed to be caused by neurotoxicant exposure experienced during deployment to the Gulf War. Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) covaries with GWI and is believed to play a role in GWI symptoms. The present study examined the association between self‐reported military exposures and GWI, stratified by PTSD status, in veterans from the Gulf War Era Cohort and Biorepository who were deployed to the Persian Gulf during the war. Participants self‐reported current GWI and PTSD symptoms as well as military exposures (e.g., pyridostigmine [PB] pills, pesticides/insecticides, combat, chemical attacks, and oil well fires) experienced during the Gulf War. Deployed veterans’ (N = 921) GWI status was ascertained using the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention definition. Individuals who met the GWI criteria were stratified by PTSD status, yielding three groups: GWI‐, GWI+/PTSD‐, and GWI+/PTSD+. Multivariable logistic regression, adjusted for covariates, was used to examine associations between GWI/PTSD groups and military exposures. Apart from insect bait use, the GWI+/PTSD+ group had higher odds of reporting military exposures than the GWI+/PTSD‐ group, adjusted odds ratio (aOR) = 2.15, 95% CI [1.30, 3.56]–aOR = 6.91, 95% CI [3.39, 14.08]. Except for PB pills, the GWI+/PTSD‐ group had a higher likelihood of reporting military exposures than the GWI‐ group, aOR = 2.03, 95% CI [1.26, 3.26]–aOR = 4.01, 95% CI [1.57, 10.25]. These findings are consistent with roles for both PTSD and military exposures in the etiology of GWI.

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“…Suggested disorders associated with anxiety include a transitory rise in salivary cortisol and reactive oxygen species in the saliva [ 55 ]. In the same context, grief is associated with dysregulation of the immune function resulting in the elevation in inflammation-related health problems [ 56 , 57 , 58 , 59 , 60 , 61 , 62 ], one of which is recurrent oral ulcers [ 63 , 64 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Associations between Emotional Distress, Sleep Changes, Decreased Tooth Brushing Frequency, Self-Reported Oral Ulcers and SARS-Cov-2 Infection during the First Wave of the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Global Survey

Foláyan

Zúñiga

Ezechi

et al. 2022

IJERPH

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This study assessed the association between emotional distress, sleep changes, decreased frequency of tooth brushing, and self-reported oral ulcers, and the association between COVID-19 status and decreased frequency of tooth brushing. Using a cross-sectional online survey, data were collected from adults in 152 countries between July and December 2020. Binary logistic regression analyses were conducted to determine the associations between dependent (decreased frequency of tooth brushing, oral ulcers, change in sleep pattern) and independent (tested positive for COVID-19, depression, anxiety, frustration/boredom, loneliness, anger, and grief/feeling of loss) variables after adjusting for confounders (age, sex, level of education, employment status). Of the 14,970 participants data analyzed, 1856 (12.4%) tested positive for COVID-19. Respondents who reported feeling depressed (AoR: 1.375), lonely (AoR: 1.185), angry (AoR: 1.299), and experienced sleep changes (AoR:1.466) had significantly higher odds of decreased tooth brushing frequency. Respondents who felt anxious (AoR: 1.255), angry (AoR: 1.510), grief/sense of loss (AoR: 1.236), and sleep changes (AoR: 1.262) had significantly higher odds of oral ulcers. Respondents who tested positive for COVID-19 had significantly higher odds of decreased tooth brushing frequency (AoR: 1.237) and oral ulcers (AoR: 2.780). These findings highlight that the relationship between emotional distress and oral health may intensify during a pandemic.

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The role of the immune system in posttraumatic stress disorder

Cited by 52 publications

References 242 publications

Identifying genetic loci that are associated with changes in gene expression in PTSD in a South African cohort

Identifying genetic loci that are associated with changes in gene expression in PTSD in a South African cohort

Military exposures and Gulf War illness in veterans with and without posttraumatic stress disorder

Associations between Emotional Distress, Sleep Changes, Decreased Tooth Brushing Frequency, Self-Reported Oral Ulcers and SARS-Cov-2 Infection during the First Wave of the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Global Survey

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