The Role of the Immune System in the Course of Hashimoto’s Thyroiditis: The Current State of Knowledge
Karolina Wrońska,
Maciej Hałasa,
Małgorzata Szczuko
Abstract:The process of thyroid autoimmunization develops against the background of genetic predispositions associated with class II human leukocyte antigens (HLA-DR), as well as cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein 4 (CTLA-4), protein tyrosine phosphatase non-receptor type 22 (PTPN22), and forkhead transcription box protein P3 (FOXP3). Environmental factors, such as vitamin D deficiency, Zn, Se, and Mg, as well as infections, chronic stress, pregnancy, smoking, alcohol, medications, intestinal dysbiosis, and maln… Show more
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