The role of the hydrocarbon source on the growth of carbon materials

Study of the in-situ growth of carbon nanofibers on cement clinker

“…The D band (at approximately 1300 cm −1 ) is attributed to the defects in the graphite, and the G band (at approximately 1580 cm −1 ) is attributed to the normal graphite [28]. These results demonstrate that graphite grows in situ on the Portland cement clinker, which is accordant with these reports [29,30]. In this process of treatment, C 2 H 2 is decomposed to produce precursors [30], which then grow into carbon materials as shown in the equation (1) [15,[30][31][32].…”

Monitoring Ni 0 and coke evolution during the deactivation of a Ni/La 2 O 3 –αAl 2 O 3 catalyst in ethanol steam reforming in a fluidized bed

“…This change in the concentration of the coke precursors in the reaction medium causes a change in the coke formation mechanism, as already established in the relevant literature [77]. Therefore, the formation of filamentous coke continues at this stage, but the formation of a nonfilamentous coke also starts (mainly by evolution of filamentous coke), which blocks the Ni particles and develops in multilayers, filling the voids between filamentous coke filaments.…”

Renewable pine cone biomass derived carbon materials for supercapacitor application

“…Recently, significant progress has been made in utilizing sustainable biomass for various applications. For example the production of carbon materials from organic waste for energy and absorbents applications has received much attention due to the environmental and degradation effect associated with the depletion of fossil fuels as mentioned earlier 21,22 . The natural, agricultural and organic wastes such as egg shell 23 , seaweeds 24 20 .…”