The role of the hippocampus in navigation is memory

Eichenbaum, Howard

doi:10.1152/jn.00005.2017

Cited by 275 publications

(235 citation statements)

References 117 publications

(141 reference statements)

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“…Despite their obvious importance to the study of the neurobiology of navigation, these distinctions are rarely considered in place and grid cell research, especially when only one type of navigation is attributed to using a cognitive map. Navigation is the process of getting from start to finish 53 , and there is broad consensus among cognitive psychologists, animal behaviorists, and roboticists that there are several ways to navigate 54 . Open-field foraging and running on linear tracks, as commonly used to study the spatial firing properties of hippocampal and entorhinal neurons, do not involve strong navigational demands because animals walk in random paths or simply approach visible targets in these tasks.…”

Section: Is There Clear Experimental Evidence That the Spatial Informmentioning

confidence: 99%

Viewpoints: how the hippocampus contributes to memory, navigation and cognition

et al. 2017

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The hippocampus serves a critical function in memory, navigation, and cognition. Nature Neuroscience asked John Lisman to lead a group of researchers in a dialog on shared and distinct viewpoints on the hippocampus. There has been a long history of studying the hippocampus, but recent work has made it possible to study the cellular and network basis of defined operations—operations that include cognitive processes that have been otherwise difficult to study (see Box 1 for useful terminology). These operations deal with the context-dependent representation of complex memories, the role of mental exploration based on imagined rather than real movements, and the use of recalled information for navigation and decision-making. The progress that has been made in understanding the hippocampus has motivated the study of other brain regions that provide hippocampal input or receive hippocampal output; the hippocampus is thus serving as a nucleating point for the larger goal of understanding the neural codes that allow inter-regional communication and more generally, understanding how memory-guided behavior is achieved by large scale integration of brain regions. In generating a discussion among experts in the study of the cognitive processes of the hippocampus, the editors and I have posed questions that probe important principles of hippocampal function. We hope that the resulting discussion will make clear to readers the progress that has been made, while also identifying issues where consensus has not yet been achieved and that should be pursued in future research. – John Lisman

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Section: Is There Clear Experimental Evidence That the Spatial Informmentioning

confidence: 99%

Viewpoints: how the hippocampus contributes to memory, navigation and cognition

et al. 2017

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“…Of course, this could occur due to poor processing of spatial information by mice (see below). Alternatively, coherent place field rotations might go hand-in-hand with map generalization, since mapping the relationships between spatial locations without regard to specific visual cues could provide flexibility to utilize the same hippocampal map across multiple arenas [40] and group them into similar learning contexts [25]. This idea is supported by recent work demonstrating the ability to artificially reactivate memories by optogenetic stimulation [41–44].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hippocampal Place Fields Maintain a Coherent and Flexible Map across Long Timescales

et al. 2018

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Summary To provide a substrate for remembering where in space events have occurred, place cells must reliably encode the same positions across long time scales. However, in many cases place cells exhibit instability by randomly reorganizing their place fields between experiences, challenging this premise. Recent evidence suggests that, in some cases, instability could also arise from coherent rotations of place fields, as well as from random reorganization. To investigate this possibility, we performed in vivo calcium imaging in dorsal hippocampal region CA1 of freely moving mice while they explored two arenas with different geometry and visual cues across eight days. The two arenas were rotated randomly between sessions, and then connected, allowing us to probe how cue rotations, the integration of new information about the environment, and the passage of time concurrently influenced the spatial coherence of place fields. We found that spatially coherent rotations of place field maps in the same arena predominated, persisting up to six days later, and that they frequently rotated in a manner that did not match that of the arena rotation. Furthermore, place field maps were flexible, as mice frequently employed a similar, coherent configuration of place fields to represent each arena despite their differing geometry and eventual connection. These results highlight the ability of the hippocampus to retain consistent relationships between cells across long time scales and suggest that, in many cases, apparent instability might result from a coherent rotation of place fields.

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“…The results show that such regime of treatment is also capable of altering social behaviour and locomotion. Furthermore, this exposure is capable of producing measurable changes on the ultrastructure and presynaptic architecture of the axodendritic synapses of the hippocampal CA1 area, which plays a key role in memory, social function and cognition (Eichenbaum, ; Matta, Tiessen, & Choleris, ; Okuyama, ; Rolls & Wirth, ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Behavioural and brain ultrastructural changes following the systemic administration of propionic acid in adolescent male rats. Further development of a rodent model of autism

Lobzhanidze

Japaridze²,

Lordkipanidze

et al. 2020

Intl J of Devlp Neuroscience

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Short chain fatty acids, produced as gut microbiome metabolites but also present in the diet, exert broad effects in host physiology. Propionic acid (PPA), along with butyrate and acetate, plays a growing role in health, but also in neurological conditions. Increased PPA exposure in humans, animal models and cell lines elicit diverse behavioural and biochemical changes consistent with organic acidurias, mitochondrial disorders and autism spectrum disorders (ASD). ASD is considered a disorder of synaptic dysfunction and cell signalling, but also neuroinflammatory and neurometabolic components. We examined behaviour (Morris water and radial arm mazes) and the ultrastructure of the hippocampus and medial prefrontal cortex (electron microscopy) following a single intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection of PPA (175 mg/kg) in male adolescent rats. PPA treatment showed altered social and locomotor behaviour without changes in learning and memory. Both transient and enduring ultrastructural alterations in synapses, astro‐ and microglia were detected in the CA1 hippocampal area. Electron microscopic analysis showed the PPA treatment significantly decreased the total number of synaptic vesicles, presynaptic mitochondria and synapses with a symmetric active zone. Thus, brief systemic administration of this dietary and enteric short chain fatty acid produced behavioural and dynamic brain ultrastructural changes, providing further validation of the PPA model of ASD.

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The role of the hippocampus in navigation is memory

Cited by 275 publications

References 117 publications

Viewpoints: how the hippocampus contributes to memory, navigation and cognition

Viewpoints: how the hippocampus contributes to memory, navigation and cognition

Hippocampal Place Fields Maintain a Coherent and Flexible Map across Long Timescales

Behavioural and brain ultrastructural changes following the systemic administration of propionic acid in adolescent male rats. Further development of a rodent model of autism

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