The Role of the Hippocampus in Trace Conditioning: Temporal Discontinuity or Task Difficulty?

Beylin, Anna V.; Gandhi, Chetan C.; Wood, Gwendolyn E.; Talk, Andrew C.; Matzel, Louis D.; Shors, Tracey J.

doi:10.1006/nlme.2001.4039

Cited by 214 publications

(241 citation statements)

References 50 publications

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“…For instance, lesions of the visual cortex did not prevent acquisition of CRs with a light CS [73] , suggesting that the visual cortex is not involved in the process of CR acquisition, whereas stimulation of the visual cortex can be successfully used as a CS to establish CR [34] . Moreover, although lesions of the pretectal nuclei [73] and hippocampus [22][23][24]68] retarded acquisition of eyeblink conditioning, stimulation of the anterior pretectal nucleus [11] and of the CA1 layer of hippocampus [74] can not be served as effective CSs for establishing eyeblink conditioning. Therefore, the present results only suggest that electrical stimulation of mPFC is a very effective and sufficient CS for establishing eyeblink conditioning, and that it is dependent on the cerebellar interpositus nucleus, but can not be interpreted as providing evidence that mPFC is critically involved in DEC, short TEC, or long TEC.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Classical eyeblink conditioning using electrical stimulation of caudal mPFC as conditioned stimulus is dependent on cerebellar interpositus nucleus in guinea pigs

Yao

Fan

et al. 2012

Acta Pharmacol Sin

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Aim: To determine whether electrical stimulation of caudal medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) as conditioned stimulus (CS) paired with airpuff unconditioned stimulus (US) was sufficient for establishing eyeblink conditioning in guinea pigs, and whether it was dependent on cerebellar interpositus nucleus. Methods: Thirty adult guinea pigs were divided into 3 conditioned groups, and trained on the delay eyeblink conditioning, short-trace eyeblink conditioning, and long-trace eyeblink conditioning paradigms, respectively, in which electrical stimulation of the right caudal mPFC was used as CS and paired with corneal airpuff US. A pseudo conditioned group of another 10 adult guinea pigs was given unpaired caudal mPFC electrical stimulation and the US. Muscimol (1 µg in 1 µL saline) and saline (1 µL) were infused into the cerebellar interpositus nucleus of the animals through the infusion cannula on d 11 and 12, respectively. Results: The 3 eyeblink conditioning paradigms have been successfully established in guinea pigs. The animals acquired the delay and short-trace conditioned responses more rapidly than long-trace conditioned responses. Muscimol infusion into the cerebellar interpositus nucleus markedly impaired the expression of the 3 eyeblink conditioned responses. Conclusion: Electrical stimulation of caudal mPFC is effective CS for establishing eyeblink conditioning in guinea pigs, and it is dependent on the cerebellar interpositus nucleus.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Classical eyeblink conditioning using electrical stimulation of caudal mPFC as conditioned stimulus is dependent on cerebellar interpositus nucleus in guinea pigs

Yao

Fan

et al. 2012

Acta Pharmacol Sin

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“…In trace eyeblink conditioning, the hippocampus is required for both acquisition (Solomon et al 1986;Moyer et al 1990;Beylin et al 2001) and retention of a recently acquired memory, but not of a remotely acquired one (Kim et al 1995;Takehara et al 2002Takehara et al , 2003a. These results suggest that the hippocampus is important for the early processes of memory (acquisition and consolidation), but the later processes (storage and retrieval) are mediated by other brain areas.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In this paradigm, the conditioned stimulus (CS) and the unconditioned stimulus (US) are separated by a stimulus-free trace interval. Previous studies using permanent lesion methods have revealed that pre-conditioning lesioning of the hippocampus (Solomon et al 1986;Moyer et al 1990;McGlinchey-Berroth et al 1997;Beylin et al 2001), the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) (Kronforst-Collins and Disterhoft 1998;Weible et al 2000Weible et al , 2003McLaughlin et al 2002), the entorhinal cortex (Ryou et al 2001), and the mediodorsal thalamus all impair acquisition of the trace eyeblink-conditioned response (CR), suggesting that the circuitry for this learning covers multiple regions of the brain, as others have previously proposed (Weiss and Disterhoft 1996;Green and Woodruff-Pak 2000). Furthermore, this circuitry is reorganized after the CR has been completely acquired.…”

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confidence: 99%

NMDA receptor-dependent processes in the medial prefrontal cortex are important for acquisition and the early stage of consolidation during trace, but not delay eyeblink conditioning

Takehara‐Nishiuchi¹,

Kawahara²,

Kirino³

2005

Learn. Mem.

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Permanent lesions in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) affect acquisition of conditioned responses (CRs) during trace eyeblink conditioning and retention of remotely acquired CRs. To clarify further roles of the mPFC in this type of learning, we investigated the participation of the mPFC in mnemonic processes both during and after daily conditioning using local microinfusion of the GABA A receptor agonist muscimol or the NMDA receptor antagonist APV into the rat mPFC. Muscimol infusions into the mPFC before daily conditioning significantly retarded CR acquisition and reduced CR expression if applied after sufficient learning. APV infusion also impaired acquisition of CRs, but not expression of well-learned CRs. When infusions were made immediately after daily conditioning, acquisition of the CR was partially impaired in both the muscimol and APV infusion groups. In contrast, rats that received muscimol infusions 3 h after daily conditioning exhibited improvement in their CR performance comparable to that of the control group. Both the pre-and post-conditioning infusion of muscimol had no effect on acquisition in the delay paradigm. These results suggest that the mPFC participates in both acquisition of a CR and the early stage of consolidation of memory in trace, but not delay eyeblink conditioning by NMDA receptor-mediated operations.

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“…Alternatively, these learning tasks may not be sufficiently sensitive to the loss of newly generated hippocampal neurons. Variations on hippocampal-learning tasks, which place greater demands on the cognitive abilities of the animals, may reveal deficits (Gazzara and Altman, 1981;Beylin et al, 2001; see Winocur, this issue). This possibility is supported by data demonstrating irradiation-induced deficits in other paradigms involving spatial processing, including the Barnes maze and place recognition .…”

Section: Evidence Againstmentioning

confidence: 99%

Is there a link between adult neurogenesis and learning?

2006

Self Cite

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During the past several years, evidence has accumulated suggesting a relationship between newly born cells in the hippocampus and various types of learning and memory. However, most of the evidence is correlational and some of it does not agree. This review discusses both sides of this issue, considering the effects of learning on the production of new neurons in the dentate gyrus and the question of whether newly born cells participate in learning and memory.

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The Role of the Hippocampus in Trace Conditioning: Temporal Discontinuity or Task Difficulty?

Cited by 214 publications

References 50 publications

Classical eyeblink conditioning using electrical stimulation of caudal mPFC as conditioned stimulus is dependent on cerebellar interpositus nucleus in guinea pigs

Classical eyeblink conditioning using electrical stimulation of caudal mPFC as conditioned stimulus is dependent on cerebellar interpositus nucleus in guinea pigs

NMDA receptor-dependent processes in the medial prefrontal cortex are important for acquisition and the early stage of consolidation during trace, but not delay eyeblink conditioning

Is there a link between adult neurogenesis and learning?

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