The Role of the Gut Microbiota on the Beneficial Effects of Ketogenic Diets

Attaye, Ilias; Oppenraaij, Sophie van; Warmbrunn, Moritz V.; Nieuwdorp, Max

doi:10.3390/nu14010191

Cited by 37 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 78 publications

(121 reference statements)

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“…Another mechanism, increasingly frequently mentioned in publications, is the effect of the ketogenic diet on the prevention and treatment of neurological diseases (including neurodegenerative ones) through a change of intestinal microbiota [ 82 ]. This results from a possible influence of intestinal dysbiosis on the development of such diseases, while on the other hand, it is known that a ketogenic diet significantly affects the remodelling of the intestinal microbiota [ 83 ]. Thus, increasingly, the subject of the potential indirect favourable effect of the ketogenic diet on neurological diseases through the modulation of intestinal microbiota is discussed.…”

Section: The Range and Mechanisms Of The Ketogenic Diet Effect In Neu...mentioning

confidence: 99%

The Role of Ketogenic Diet in the Treatment of Neurological Diseases

2022

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Over a hundred years of study on the favourable effect of ketogenic diets in the treatment of epilepsy have contributed to a long-lasting discussion on its potential influence on other neurological diseases. A significant increase in the number of scientific studies in that field has been currently observed. The aim of this paper is a widespread, thorough analysis of the available scientific evidence in respect of the role of the ketogenic diet in the therapy of neurological diseases such as: epilepsy, Alzheimer’s disease (AD), Parkinson’s disease (PD), multiple sclerosis (MS) and migraine. A wide range of the mechanisms of action of the ketogenic diet has been demonstrated in neurological diseases, including, among other effects, its influence on the reduction in inflammatory conditions and the amount of reactive oxygen species (ROS), the restoration of the myelin sheath of the neurons, the formation and regeneration of mitochondria, neuronal metabolism, the provision of an alternative source of energy for neurons (ketone bodies), the reduction in glucose and insulin concentrations, the reduction in amyloid plaques, the induction of autophagy, the alleviation of microglia activation, the reduction in excessive neuronal activation, the modulation of intestinal microbiota, the expression of genes, dopamine production and the increase in glutamine conversion into GABA. The studies discussed (including randomised controlled studies), conducted in neurological patients, have stressed the effectiveness of the ketogenic diet in the treatment of epilepsy and have demonstrated its promising therapeutic potential in Alzheimer’s disease (AD), Parkinson’s disease (PD), multiple sclerosis (MS) and migraine. A frequent advantage of the diet was demonstrated over non-ketogenic diets (in the control groups) in the therapy of neurological diseases, with simultaneous safety and feasibility when conducting the nutritional model.

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Section: The Range and Mechanisms Of The Ketogenic Diet Effect In Neu...mentioning

confidence: 99%

The Role of Ketogenic Diet in the Treatment of Neurological Diseases

2022

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“…These observations are very similar to prior work showing that the KD can dramatically increase A. muciniphila ( 40 , 41 ). Although not the focus of the present study, A. muciniphila is associated with improved metabolic health in both animal and human studies ( 42 – 44 ). This species could be an interesting focus of future experiments designed to determine if the changes in the microbiome impacted the behavioral outcomes.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 92%

Dietary ketosis improves circadian dysfunction as well as motor symptoms in the BACHD mouse model of Huntington’s disease

et al. 2022

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Disturbances in sleep/wake cycles are common among patients with neurodegenerative diseases including Huntington’s disease (HD) and represent an appealing target for chrono-nutrition-based interventions. In the present work, we sought to determine whether a low-carbohydrate, high-fat diet would ameliorate the symptoms and delay disease progression in the BACHD mouse model of HD. Adult WT and BACHD male mice were fed a normal or a ketogenic diet (KD) for 3 months. The KD evoked a robust rhythm in serum levels of β-hydroxybutyrate and dramatic changes in the microbiome of male WT and BACHD mice. NanoString analysis revealed transcriptional changes driven by the KD in the striatum of both WT and BACHD mice. Disturbances in sleep/wake cycles have been reported in mouse models of HD and are common among HD patients. Having established that the KD had effects on both the WT and mutant mice, we examined its impact on sleep/wake cycles. KD increased daytime sleep and improved the timing of sleep onset, while other sleep parameters were not altered. In addition, KD improved activity rhythms, including rhythmic power, and reduced inappropriate daytime activity and onset variability. Importantly, KD improved motor performance on the rotarod and challenging beam tests. It is worth emphasizing that HD is a genetically caused disease with no known cure. Life-style changes that not only improve the quality of life but also delay disease progression for HD patients are greatly needed. Our study demonstrates the therapeutic potential of diet-based treatment strategies in a pre-clinical model of HD.

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“…Its potential effects on cancer immune therapy have just begun to emerge in an animal model 73 . The exact mechanism by which a KD exerts potential anticancer activities remains unknown, but recent evidence points toward a crucial role for the gut microbiota 74,75 . An interesting study in both mice and humans found that a KD led to decreased fecal Bifidobacterium abundance, which led to lower levels of intestinal and visceral fat proinflammatory T H 17 cells 76 .…”

Section: Prebiotic and Probiotic And Dietary Supplements In Cancer-di...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…An RCT to investigate the effects of a 2-month KD followed by a 2-month low-calorie diet concluded that the KD resulted in a beneficially altered gut microbiota composition, that is, reduced relative abundances of Serratia , Erwinia , and Citrobacter and increased relative abundances of Oscillospira and Butyricimonas. 78 However, overall changes in gut microbiome composition induced by KD in the literature are very inconsistent, suggesting need for more well-designed studies 74,75 …”

Section: Prebiotic and Probiotic And Dietary Supplements In Cancer-di...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Microbiome and Diet in Colon Cancer Development and Treatment

Kato

Sun

2023

Cancer J

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Diet plays critical roles in defining our immune responses, microbiome, and progression of human diseases. With recent progress in sequencing and bioinformatic techniques, increasing evidence indicates the importance of diet-microbial interactions in cancer development and therapeutic outcome. Here, we focus on the epidemiological studies on diet-bacterial interactions in the colon cancer. We also review the progress of mechanistic studies using the experimental models. Finally, we discuss the limits and future directions in the research of microbiome and diet in cancer development and therapeutic outcome. Now, it is clear that microbes can influence the efficacy of cancer therapies. These research results open new possibilities for the diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of cancer. However, there are still big gaps to apply these new findings to the clinical practice.

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The Role of the Gut Microbiota on the Beneficial Effects of Ketogenic Diets

Cited by 37 publications

References 78 publications

The Role of Ketogenic Diet in the Treatment of Neurological Diseases

The Role of Ketogenic Diet in the Treatment of Neurological Diseases

Dietary ketosis improves circadian dysfunction as well as motor symptoms in the BACHD mouse model of Huntington’s disease

Microbiome and Diet in Colon Cancer Development and Treatment

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