The Role of the Gut Microbiome in Predicting Response to Diet and the Development of Precision Nutrition Models. Part II: Results

Abstract

The gut microbiota is increasingly implicated in the health and metabolism of its human host. The host's diet is a major component influencing the composition and function of the gut microbiota, and mounting evidence suggests that the composition and function of the gut microbiota influence the host's metabolic response to diet. This effect of the gut microbiota on personalized dietary response is a growing focus of precision nutrition research and may inform the effort to tailor dietary advice to the individual. Because the gut microbiota has been shown to be malleable to some extent, it may also allow for therapeutic alterations of the gut microbiota in order to alter response to certain dietary components. This article is the second in a 2-part review of the current research in the field of precision nutrition incorporating the gut microbiota into studies investigating interindividual variability in response to diet. Part I reviews the methods used by researchers to design and carry out such studies as well as analyze the results subsequently obtained. Part II reviews the findings of these studies and discusses the gaps in our current knowledge and directions for future research. The studies reviewed provide the current understanding in this field of research and a foundation from which we may build, utilizing and expanding upon the methods and results they present to inform future studies.

A Review of the Role of the Gut Microbiome in Personalized Sports Nutrition

“…The Gut Microbiome in Personalized Sports Nutrition As discussed in Hughes et al (22,23), the gut microbiome is a potential predictor of response to diet. However, that review focused on predictors of response relevant to general health and prevention of chronic disease.…”

“…Precision nutrition studies are now investigating how to predict individual differences in glycemic response, triglycerides, cholesterol levels, and other indicators of health as a way to personalize nutrition recommendations and prevent diet-related chronic diseases such as obesity and type 2 diabetes. Our previous two-part review (22,23) explored the effect of the gut microbiome on inter-individual variability in response to diet and how this may contribute to metabolic health.…”

Infant gut microbiota characteristics generally do not modify effects of lipid-based nutrient supplementation on growth or inflammation: secondary analysis of a randomized controlled trial in Malawi

“…A growing body of research has documented effect modification of dietary interventions on metabolic outcomes by the gut microbiota 15,16 . However, very little is known about the potential of the microbiome to modify the effect of dietary interventions on growth and health outcomes in an undernourished or infant population.…”

Malnutrition Accelerates Colorectal Cancer Progression through Macrophage Activated by B Cells Immune via Gut Microbiota

“…The associated mechanisms involved in how malnutrition-related gut microbiota alteration accelerates CRC progression remain unknown. Additionally, previous studies mainly focused on biomarkers of poor prognosis in CRC patients with malnutrition [5]. This work emphasizes the dynamic change of microbiota induced by malnutrition, which provides new insights into diagnostic criteria for malnutritional CRC patients.…”