The role of the gut microbiome and microbial metabolism in mediating opioid-induced changes in the epigenome

Kolli, Udhghatri; Roy, Sabita

doi:10.3389/fmicb.2023.1233194

Cited by 2 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 117 publications

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“…Compared with germ-free and gnotobiotic pigs, SPF pigs have lower housing facility requirements but these are still higher than those used for conventional rearing (Safron and Gonder, 1997). The gut microbiota plays a critical role in host immune training (Donald and Finlay, 2023;Koren et al, 2023), food digestion (Caminero et al, 2019;García-Pérez et al, 2024), regulation of intestinal endocrine function and neural signal transmission (Mazzoli and Pessione, 2016;Zhao et al, 2020), drug action and metabolism (Wilson and Nicholson, 2017;Kolli and Roy, 2023), toxin clearance , and production of various compounds that can influence the host (Kudjordjie et al, 2019;Tennoune et al, 2022). Pigs share many similarities with humans in terms of gut microbiota composition and function (Roura et al, 2016), making SPF pigs an ideal non-primate large animal model for studying the interaction between gut microbiota and the host (Zhou et al, 2021).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diversity and host interaction of the gut microbiota in specific pathogen-free pigs

Wen,

Chen,

Zhang

et al. 2024

Front. Microbiol.

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Pigs are widely used as animal models in various studies related to humans. The interaction between the gut microbiota and the host has significant effects on the host’s health and disease status. However, although there have been many studies investigating the pig gut microbiota, the findings have been inconsistent due to variations in rearing conditions. Interactions between the gut microbiota and host have not been fully explored in pigs. Specific pathogen-free (SPF) pigs are ideal non-primate large animals to study the interactions between the gut microbiota and the host. In this study, we performed high-throughput sequencing analysis of the gut microbiota and the gut tissue transcriptome of six SPF pigs to provide a systematic understanding of the composition, function, and spatial distribution of gut microbiota in SPF pigs. We identified significant differences in microbial diversity and functionality among different gastrointestinal tract sites. Metagenomics data analysis revealed significant differences in alpha diversity and beta diversity of microbiota in different gastrointestinal sites of SPF pigs. Additionally, transcriptomic data indicated significant differences in gene expression as well as KEGG and GO functional enrichment between the small intestine and large intestine. Furthermore, by combining microbial metagenomics and host transcriptomics analyses, specific correlations were found between gut microbiota and host genes. These included a negative correlation between the TCN1 gene and Prevotella dentalis, possibly related to bacterial metabolic pathways involving vitamin B12, and a positive correlation between the BDH1 gene and Roseburia hominis, possibly because both are involved in fatty acid metabolism. These findings lay the groundwork for further exploration of the co-evolution between the microbiota and the host, specifically in relation to nutrition, metabolism, and immunity. In conclusion, we have elucidated the diversity of the gut microbiota in SPF pigs and conducted a detailed investigation into the interactions between the gut microbiota and host gene expression. These results contribute to our understanding of the intricate dynamics between the gut microbiota and the host, offering important references for advancements in life science research, bioproduct production, and sustainable development in animal husbandry.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diversity and host interaction of the gut microbiota in specific pathogen-free pigs

Wen,

Chen,

Zhang

et al. 2024

Front. Microbiol.

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Long access heroin self-administration significantly alters gut microbiome composition and structure

Greenberg,

Winters,

Zagorac

et al. 2024

Front. Psychiatry

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IntroductionIt is well known that chronic opioid use disorder is associated with alterations in gastrointestinal (GI) function that include constipation, reduced motility, and increased bacterial translocation due to compromised gut barrier function. These signs of disrupted GI function can be associated with alterations in the gut microbiome. However, it is not known if long-access opioid self-administration has effects on the gut microbiome.MethodsWe used 16S rRNA gene sequencing to investigate the gut microbiome in three independent cohorts (N=40 for each) of NIH heterogeneous stock rats before onset of long-access heroin self-administration (i.e., naïve status), at the end of a 15-day period of self-administration, and after post-extinction reinstatement. Measures of microbial α- and β-diversity were evaluated for all phases. High-dimensional class comparisons were carried out with MaAsLin2. PICRUSt2 was used for predicting functional pathways impacted by heroin based on marker gene sequences.ResultsCommunity α-diversity was not altered by heroin at any of the three phases by comparison to saline-yoked controls. Analyses of β-diversity showed that the heroin and saline-yoked groups clustered significantly apart from each other using the Bray-Curtis (community structure) index. Heroin caused significant alterations at the ASV level at the self-administration and extinction phases. At the phylum level, the relative abundance of Firmicutes was increased at the self-administration phase. Deferribacteres was decreased in heroin whereas Patescibacteria was increased in heroin at the extinction phase. Potential biomarkers for heroin emerged from the MaAsLin2 analysis. Bacterial metabolomic pathways relating to degradation of carboxylic acids, nucleotides, nucleosides, carbohydrates, and glycogen were increased by heroin while pathways relating to biosynthesis of vitamins, propionic acid, fatty acids, and lipids were decreased.DiscussionThese findings support the view that long access heroin self-administration significantly alters the structure of the gut microbiome by comparison to saline-yoked controls. Inferred metabolic pathway alterations suggest the development of a microbial imbalance favoring gut inflammation and energy expenditure. Potential microbial biomarkers and related functional pathways likely invoked by heroin self-administration could be targets for therapeutic intervention.

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The role of the gut microbiome and microbial metabolism in mediating opioid-induced changes in the epigenome

Cited by 2 publications

References 117 publications

Diversity and host interaction of the gut microbiota in specific pathogen-free pigs

Diversity and host interaction of the gut microbiota in specific pathogen-free pigs

Long access heroin self-administration significantly alters gut microbiome composition and structure

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