The Role of the Gut Microbiota in Sustained Weight Loss Following Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass Surgery

Abstract

Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass (RYGB) surgery is one of the most effective approaches for the treatment of severe obesity. Despite substantial weight loss following RYGB, a considerable proportion of patients experience weight regain or insufficient weight loss. The proposed research aimed to investigate the role of the gut microbiota in weight regain or suboptimal weight loss following RYGB. The gut microbiota composition in post-RYGB patients who experienced successful weight loss (SWL, n=6), post-RYGB patients who experienced poor weight loss (PWL, n=6), and non-surgical controls (NSC, n=6) who were age-and BMImatched to the SWL group (NSC, n=6) were characterized through 16S rRNA gene sequencing. To further investigate the impact of the gut microbiota on weight profile, human fecal samples were transplanted into antibiotic-treated mice through oral gavage. Food intake and body weight were measured at weekly intervals for a month. At five weeks following colonization mice were randomly switched to a western diet or maintained on a normal diet. The results showed that Lactobacillales, Enterobacteriales, and Verrucomicrobials were enriched in both surgical groups compared to the NSC group. No significant difference was observed in the gut microbiota composition between PWL and SWL patients. However, transfer of the gut microbiota from human patients into antibiotic-treated mice resulted in significantly greater weight gain in PWL recipient mice compared to SWL recipient mice at four weeks following colonization (15.03±2.59% versus 7.88±1.28%, F(2,41)=4.01 p=0.026). We found that Barnesiella, Gordonibacter, Parasutterella, Clostridium cluster XVIa were effectively transferred from humans to mice and were associated with weight gain in recipient mice. Interestingly,

Gut Microbiota, Probiotics and Psychological States and Behaviors after Bariatric Surgery—A Systematic Review of Their Interrelation

“…Out of the 59 studies, 36 studies applied a pre-post design (baseline measurements provided) (Group 1: n = 23 [ 37 , 38 , 39 , 40 , 41 , 42 , 43 , 44 , 45 , 46 , 47 , 48 , 49 , 50 , 51 , 52 , 53 , 54 , 55 , 56 , 57 , 58 , 59 ]; Group 2: n = 10 [ 60 , 61 , 62 , 63 , 64 , 65 , 66 , 67 , 68 , 69 ]; Group 3: n = 4 [ 70 , 71 , 72 , 73 ]). Sixteen studies used a cross-sectional design (Group 1: n = 6 [ 74 , 75 , 76 , 77 , 78 , 79 ]; Group 2: n = 10 [ 80 , 81 , 82 , 83 , 84 , 85 , 86 ,…”

“…Changes in GI microbiota was the primary outcome for 24 studies in Group 1 [ 37 , 38 , 39 , 40 , 41 , 42 , 44 , 45 , 47 , 48 , 49 , 51 , 52 , 53 , 54 , 55 , 56 , 57 , 59 , 75 , 76 , 77 , 78 , 79 , 94 ] and 12 studies in Group 2 [ 61 , 62 , 64 , 65 , 68 , 82 , 85 , 86 , 88 , 90 , 92 , 95 ]. For the remaining studies, primary outcomes surrounding clinical, anthropometric and metabolic parameters were reported (Group 1: n = 5 [ 43 , 46 , 50 , 58 , 74 ]; Group 2: n = 13 [ 60 , 63 , 66 , 67 , 69 , 80 , 81 , 83 , …”

The Binge Eating Genetics Initiative (BEGIN): study protocol

“…Inspired by reports of associations between enteric microbes, host metabolism, and host behavior [15][16][17] along with reported differences between gut microbiota composition from patients with anorexia nervosa and healthy individuals [18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25], we have incorporated the study of the intestinal microbiota into BEGIN. In addition to characterizing the biogeography of the human microbiome (cumulative genomes of the microbiota) of BEGIN participants, our analyses will identify associations between genes and microbial composition in BN/BED.…”

Microbial Adaptation Due to Gastric Bypass Surgery: The Nutritional Impact

“…This could be due to an increase in energy absorption from diet and increased fat accumulation in adipose tissue inducing low-grade inflammation and metabolic alterations. Rather than compositional differences, there could be at least some functional differences in the gut microbiome of PWL and SWL patients [53].…”