The Role of the Gastric Hormones Ghrelin and Nesfatin-1 in Reproduction

Schalla, Martha A.; Stengel, Andreas

doi:10.3390/ijms222011059

Cited by 17 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 254 publications

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“…In this research, we demonstrate that ghrelin is associated in negatively way with LDL-C, TG, HOMA-IR, and insulin as factors of insulin resistance and metabolic syndrome. The two hormones ghrelin and insulin that play a pertinent role in the regulation of the weight of the body 29 . Many studies in vivo and in vitro have shown that insulin and glucose metabolism regulate ghrelin 30 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ghrelin and Obestatin Levels as a Novel Marker in Iraqi Obese Children

Tahir

ALfatlawi²,

Jedda³

2023

Baghdad Sci.J

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Obesity is an escalating health problem in developing countries. One to ten children worldwide are overweight in a report showed by the International Obesity Task Force. Ghrelin, orexigenic peptide, has 28 amino acids, it is considered the greatest remarkable promotion in the last two decades for understanding the physiological changes of action regulating food intake and hunger. Obestatin is a 23-amino acid peptide nearly connected to ghrelin that secures from substitution splicing the alike resort molecule, pre-proghrelin. The study is designed to assess the level of ghrelin and obestatin in Iraqi obese children and its relation with other biochemical parameters. Ghrelin and obeststin levels were measured in sixty obese children; the range of their age was (5-16) years, and this group was compared to 30 children in a healthy state as a control. Serum FBS, PPBS, and also lipid profiles (TG, TC, HDL-c, and LDL-c) were determined in the studied groups. Calculation of insulin resistance was done by using (HOMA-IR) a Homeostasis Model assessment of insulin resistance. Ghrelin levels were lower in a significant way in subjects who have obesity in comparison with control group. Significantly, there was a high increase in obestatin in obese patients when compared with control. This study demonstrates that obestatin raises and ghrelin is low in obesity, these hormones are related to the resistance of insulin, and there is an association between ghrelin and oxidative stress. The scales between obestatin and ghrelin are likely disturbed in obesity.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ghrelin and Obestatin Levels as a Novel Marker in Iraqi Obese Children

Tahir

ALfatlawi²,

Jedda³

2023

Baghdad Sci.J

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“…Грелин экспрессируется в фолликулярных и гранулезных клетках яичников, ооцитах, а также продуцируется в желтом теле [46]. Его важность для оптимального созревания яичников подтверждается в исследовании с мышами, лишенными грелин-О-ацилтрансферазы, отвечающей за ацилирование грелина.…”

Section: модуляция репродуктивной функции желудочным гормоном грелиномunclassified

“…Однако, несмотря на подтверждение многими авторами способности грелина влиять на стероидогенез, данные о секреции эстрогена, тестостерона, прогестерона и простагландина яичниками в ответ на грелин довольно противоречивы. Требуются более прицельные исследования, посвященные изучению дозозависимости, основным механизмам воздействия на репродуктивную ось, особенностям его секреции [46].…”

Section: модуляция репродуктивной функции желудочным гормоном грелиномunclassified

Adipokinesand Ghrelin Rolein Regulation of Ovarian Function in Obesity

et al. 2022

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There is a great worldwide trend in the incidence of obesity, which is increasing with each passing year among all populations, including women of reproductive age. Given the impressive list of diseases associated with obesity, as well as the negative inverse correlation of the severity of obesity with fertility, this problem is global not only in the social sphere, but it also becomes demographically significant.Along with other pathogenetic mechanisms leading to persistent anovulation, an imbalance in adipokine production by adipose tissue can also serve as one of the important links in the development of reproductive dysfunction. Despite apparent interest in this topic, a large number of previously discovered adipokines are still not studied. Among adipokines, the effects of adiponectin and leptin on reproductive function are best known. Alterations in adiponectin and leptin levels can affect hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal signaling, folliculogenesis, oogenesis and steroidogenesis. In addition, leptin is involved in the initiation of puberty, regulation of the menstrual cycle, and changes the balance between proliferation and apoptosis in ovarian cells. The leading causes of reduced fertility, infertility, and IVF failure in obese patients are mechanisms that promote the formation of chronic anovulation, delay the maturation of oocytes, reduce their quality, and/or lead to changes in endometrial susceptibility. These effects can be caused by an imbalance in the concentrations of leptin and adiponectin (leptin excess and adiponectin deficiency), lead to endometrial dysfunction, disruption of implantation and early embryogenesis. These changes, in turn, can affect just as the likelihood of spontaneous conception, so the effectiveness of assisted reproductive technologies and subsequent gestation.Thus, the study of potential pathogenetic pathways of fertility regulation in obesity, one of which is the subject of this review, is an important area for further study.

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“…The GHSR gene is widely expressed in various animal tissues and participates in the regulation of food intake, energy metabolism, cardiovascular function, cell proliferation, and reproduction [ 26 , 27 , 28 , 29 , 30 ]. Ghrelin is the endogenous ligand for GHSR and plays a role in the reproductive processes of animals [ 31 ]. The administration of ghrelin in vivo can cause changes in the morphology and structure of rat ovaries, which result in ovarian atrophy and induce cell apoptosis [ 32 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

miR-128-3p Regulates Follicular Granulosa Cell Proliferation and Apoptosis by Targeting the Growth Hormone Secretagogue Receptor

Dong,

Jiang,

Hou

et al. 2024

IJMS

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The proliferation and apoptosis of granulosa cells (GCs) affect follicle development and reproductive disorders, with microRNAs playing a crucial regulatory role. Previous studies have shown the differential expression of miR-128-3p at different stages of goat follicle development, which suggests its potential regulatory role in follicle development. In this study, through the Cell Counting Kit-8 assay, the EDU assay, flow cytometry, quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction, Western blot, and the dual-luciferase reporter assay, we used immortal human ovarian granulosa tumor cell line (KGN) cells as materials to investigate the effects of miR-128-3p and its predicted target gene growth hormone secretagogue receptor (GHSR) on GC proliferation and apoptosis. The results show that overexpression of miR-128-3p inhibited the proliferation of KGN cells, promoted cell apoptosis, and suppressed the expression of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) and B-cell lymphoma-2 (BCL2) while promoting that of Bcl-2 associated X protein (BAX). The dual-luciferase reporter assay revealed that miR-128-3p bound to the 3′ untranslated region sequence of GHSR, which resulted in the inhibited expression of GHSR protein. Investigation of the effects of GHSR on GC proliferation and apoptosis revealed that GHSR overexpression promoted the expression of PCNA and BCL2, enhanced GC proliferation, and inhibited cell apoptosis, whereas the opposite effects were observed when GHSR expression was inhibited. In addition, miR-128-3p and GHSR can influence the expression of extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 protein. In conclusion, miR-128-3p inhibits KGN cell proliferation and promotes cell apoptosis by downregulating the expression of the GHSR gene.

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The Role of the Gastric Hormones Ghrelin and Nesfatin-1 in Reproduction

Cited by 17 publications

References 254 publications

Ghrelin and Obestatin Levels as a Novel Marker in Iraqi Obese Children

Ghrelin and Obestatin Levels as a Novel Marker in Iraqi Obese Children

Adipokinesand Ghrelin Rolein Regulation of Ovarian Function in Obesity

miR-128-3p Regulates Follicular Granulosa Cell Proliferation and Apoptosis by Targeting the Growth Hormone Secretagogue Receptor

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