The Role of the Appendix Testis in Normal Testicular Descent: Is There a Connection?

Zvizdić, Zlatan; Zivkovic, Dragana; Sabanovic, Jasmin; Milišić, Emir

doi:10.1155/2018/3078031

Cited by 8 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…In turn, in hydrocele patients we noted the significantly higher incidence of testis/epididymis appendices in comparison to the UDT patients. This is in line with studies which have hypothesized about the possible role of the appendix testis in testicular descent, noticing a reduced incidence of appendix testis among boys with UDT compared to boys without testicular maldescent [ 31 , 32 ]. The testis appendix was considered as an organ taking part in fluid regulation within the vaginal tunica space [ 33 ].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

Testicular, Epididymal and Vasal Anomalies in Pediatric Patients with Cryptorchid Testes and Testes with Communicating Hydrocele

Niedzielski

Nowak

Kucharski

et al. 2022

JCM

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The goal of this study was to determine the prevalence of the testicular, epididymal, and vasal anomalies (TEVA) in cryptorchid and communicating hydrocele pediatric patients. Six hundred and ninety-one prepubertal boys underwent inguinal exploration for 741 undescended (UDT) or hydrocele testes. Two hundred and fifty-five TEVA were detected in 154 UDT boys, compared to 32 defects in 24 hydrocele patients (p < 0.001). The TEVA were more frequent in bilateral UDT (p = 0.009). Multiple defects were observed more frequently in the intra-abdominal testicles (p = 0.028). A correlation was found between the testicular atrophy index (TAI) and the incidence and number of TEVA in the UDT boys (p < 0.001). The smaller the testis (higher TAI), the more the defects that appeared in it and the higher the frequency of their appearance. Another correlation was established between testis position and the incidence and number of TEVA (p < 0.001). The higher the testis position, the more the defects that appeared in it and the higher the frequency of their appearance. A correlation was established between the position and the volume of the affected testis (p < 0.001). The higher the gonad position, the more severe the atrophy observed in it. The TEVA were more frequent in the UDT boys than in the hydrocele patients. We revealed that the risk of abnormal fusion between the testis, epididymis, and vas deferens is connected with the testis position (intra-abdominal testes) and bilateral non-descent.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

Testicular, Epididymal and Vasal Anomalies in Pediatric Patients with Cryptorchid Testes and Testes with Communicating Hydrocele

Niedzielski

Nowak

Kucharski

et al. 2022

JCM

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“…This possibility needs to be explored further in cadaver parts or testes submitted to orchiectomy. The frequency of gonadal appendix in our series (44.5% in the testes and 22.2% in the epididymes) was lower than the reported by Zdizvic [ 11 ], who described a frequency of 78.7% in gonads located close to the external inguinal ring in 89 normal boys. All operated testes of our series were palpable close to the external inguinal ring.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 83%

Surgical findings in cryptorchidism in children with Zika-related microcephaly: a case series

et al. 2020

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Background Complications in the urinary tract related to congenital Zika syndrome have recently been reported. One complication, cryptorchidism, has been reported by the Microcephaly Epidemic Research Group/MERG, in Pernambuco/Brazil. The present article describes for the first time the surgical findings in a case series of boys with Zika-related microcephaly and cryptorchidism, who underwent surgical testicular exploration as a contribution to better understand the possible mechanisms involved in gonads formation and descent. Methods A total of 7 children (11 testicular units), aged 3 to 4 years, were submitted to inguinal or scrotal orchidopexy for the treatment of palpable cryptorchidism between August 2019 and January 2020. Characteristics of the gonads and its annexes related to appendixes, testis-epididymis dissociation, gubernacular insertion, and associated hydroceles and/or hernias were described. Measures in centimetres were taken for volume calculate. Results We found a low prevalence of testicular and epididymal appendix (66.7%), a high prevalence of testis-epididymis dissociation (55.6%), low mean testicular volume for their ages (lower for older boys) and ectopic gubernacular insertion in all cases. There was no evidence of associated hydroceles and/or hernias in any case. No surgical complication was registered or reported, and all explored gonads were properly placed in the scrotal sac. Conclusions We herein describe the surgical findings of these children's orchidopexies and discuss the possible mechanisms of viral action in embryogenesis and postnatal growth and development of the testes and annexes. These children need to be followed over time due to the higher risk of testicular atrophy and malignancy. Surgical timing seems to be relevant to avoid loss of testicular volume.

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“…Favorito et al ( 23 ) found that the probabilities of the processus vaginalis patency of intra-abdominal and intracanalicular testes were 100% (14/14) and 64.2% (52/81), respectively. Zvizdic et al ( 24 ) suggested that 61.2% of the affected side of UDT near the internal ring had patency of the processus vaginalis patency. Our findings were largely consistent with previous findings (intra-abdominal vs. inguinal, 92.9 vs. 72.9%).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Clinical Efficacy of Laparoscopic Orchiopexy With the Modified Prentiss Maneuver for Non-palpable Testis Near the Internal Ring

Tong

Wang

et al. 2022

Front. Pediatr.

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ObjectiveTo compare the clinical efficacy and safety of laparoscopic orchiopexy with the modified Prentiss maneuver (LOMPM) and laparoscopic trans-inguinal orchiopexy (LTIO) for the treatment of non-palpable testis (NPT) <1 cm from the internal ring.MethodsChildren with unilateral NPT who underwent laparoscopic orchiopexy at our center between February 2018 and January 2021 were retrospectively analyzed. According to the surgical method, they were divided into LOMPM and LTIO groups. The operation time, postoperative pain degree, postoperative complications and follow-up results were compared between the two groups.ResultsA total of 98 patients were included in this study, including 41 cases in the LOMPM group and 57 cases in the LTIO group. All patients underwent successful surgery. The LOMPM group was superior to the LTIO group in terms of postoperative testicular position (lower scrotm: 90.2 vs. 71.9%, P = 0.026). There were no significant differences in operation time, postoperative pain score, and complications between the two groups. Preoperative testicular volume, postoperative testicular volume, and testicular growth rate in the LOMPM group were comparable to those in the LTIO group. There were no testicular atrophy, inguinal hernia and hydrocele in both groups after operation.ConclusionsLOMPM was comparable in safety to LTIO, but LOMPM had a good post-operative testicular position, and was suitable for the treatment of NPT near the internal ring.

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The Role of the Appendix Testis in Normal Testicular Descent: Is There a Connection?

Cited by 8 publications

References 30 publications

Testicular, Epididymal and Vasal Anomalies in Pediatric Patients with Cryptorchid Testes and Testes with Communicating Hydrocele

Testicular, Epididymal and Vasal Anomalies in Pediatric Patients with Cryptorchid Testes and Testes with Communicating Hydrocele

Surgical findings in cryptorchidism in children with Zika-related microcephaly: a case series

Clinical Efficacy of Laparoscopic Orchiopexy With the Modified Prentiss Maneuver for Non-palpable Testis Near the Internal Ring

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