Abstract:Although the involvement of the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) in emotional response inhibition is well established, there are several outstanding issues about the nature of this involvement that are not well understood. The present study aimed to examine the precise contribution of the ACC to emotion-modulated response inhibition by capitalizing on fine temporal resolution of the event-related potentials (ERPs) and the recent advances in source localization. To this end, participants (N = 30) performed an in… Show more
“…Collectively, these studies suggest that conflict monitoring processes are not sensitive to emotion. Also consistent with other studies, we observed that Nogo-P3 was enhanced in the presence of positive emotional stimuli [44,45]. The most common interpretation of emotional potentiation of the P3 is that sustained attentional engagement with positive emotional stimuli affects the execution or evaluation of inhibitory processing.…”
Section: Discussionsupporting
confidence: 92%
“…Behaviourally, emotional stimuli were associated with marginally better performance on Nogo trials, consistent with a "freezing" effect of emotion, perhaps driven by attentional prioritisation of emotional stimulus processing [50]. Turning to the ERP measures, we found no effect of emotion on the Nogo-N2, consistent with other studies [44,45]. Collectively, these studies suggest that conflict monitoring processes are not sensitive to emotion.…”
Section: Discussionsupporting
confidence: 86%
“…In contrast, emotional stimuli consistently enhance the Nogo-P3 [46,47,51], with effects sometimes greater for positive than for negative stimuli [44,45]. This enhanced Nogo-P3 is typically interpreted as a more effortful or less efficient inhibitory control in emotional contexts [44,45,48]. Our question concerns the effects of lateralisation of the emotional stimuli on response inhibition processes.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 95%
“…However, a number of studies have manipulated the emotional nature of imperative stimuli in central vision, while still keeping emotion itself incidental to the task [44][45][46][47][48][49]. The effect of emotion on behavioural measures is mixed across these studies, with some showing more errors on Nogo trials in emotional contexts [50], but most showing no behavioural effects [44,45,49].…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Most studies show no effect of emotion on the Nogo-N2 [44,45,49,51], although some have reported an attenuation of the N2 for emotional relative to neutral stimuli [46,47]. In contrast, emotional stimuli consistently enhance the Nogo-P3 [46,47,51], with effects sometimes greater for positive than for negative stimuli [44,45]. This enhanced Nogo-P3 is typically interpreted as a more effortful or less efficient inhibitory control in emotional contexts [44,45,48].…”
Hemispheric asymmetries are a major organizational principle in human emotion processing, but their interaction with prefrontal control processes is not well understood. To this end, we determined whether hemispheric differences in response inhibition depend on the emotional valence of the stimulus being inhibited. Participants completed a lateralised Go/Nogo task, in which Nogo stimuli were neutral or emotional (either positive or negative) images, while Go stimuli were scrambled versions of the same pictures. We recorded the N2 and P3 event-related potential (ERP) components, two common electrophysiological measures of response inhibition processes. Behaviourally, participants were more accurate in withholding responses to emotional than to neutral stimuli. Electrophysiologically, Nogo-P3 responses were greater for emotional than for neutral stimuli, an effect driven primarily by an enhanced response to positive images. Hemispheric asymmetries were also observed, with greater Nogo-P3 following left versus right visual field stimuli. However, the visual field effect did not interact with emotion. We therefore find no evidence that emotion-related asymmetries affect response inhibition processes.
“…Collectively, these studies suggest that conflict monitoring processes are not sensitive to emotion. Also consistent with other studies, we observed that Nogo-P3 was enhanced in the presence of positive emotional stimuli [44,45]. The most common interpretation of emotional potentiation of the P3 is that sustained attentional engagement with positive emotional stimuli affects the execution or evaluation of inhibitory processing.…”
Section: Discussionsupporting
confidence: 92%
“…Behaviourally, emotional stimuli were associated with marginally better performance on Nogo trials, consistent with a "freezing" effect of emotion, perhaps driven by attentional prioritisation of emotional stimulus processing [50]. Turning to the ERP measures, we found no effect of emotion on the Nogo-N2, consistent with other studies [44,45]. Collectively, these studies suggest that conflict monitoring processes are not sensitive to emotion.…”
Section: Discussionsupporting
confidence: 86%
“…In contrast, emotional stimuli consistently enhance the Nogo-P3 [46,47,51], with effects sometimes greater for positive than for negative stimuli [44,45]. This enhanced Nogo-P3 is typically interpreted as a more effortful or less efficient inhibitory control in emotional contexts [44,45,48]. Our question concerns the effects of lateralisation of the emotional stimuli on response inhibition processes.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 95%
“…However, a number of studies have manipulated the emotional nature of imperative stimuli in central vision, while still keeping emotion itself incidental to the task [44][45][46][47][48][49]. The effect of emotion on behavioural measures is mixed across these studies, with some showing more errors on Nogo trials in emotional contexts [50], but most showing no behavioural effects [44,45,49].…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Most studies show no effect of emotion on the Nogo-N2 [44,45,49,51], although some have reported an attenuation of the N2 for emotional relative to neutral stimuli [46,47]. In contrast, emotional stimuli consistently enhance the Nogo-P3 [46,47,51], with effects sometimes greater for positive than for negative stimuli [44,45]. This enhanced Nogo-P3 is typically interpreted as a more effortful or less efficient inhibitory control in emotional contexts [44,45,48].…”
Hemispheric asymmetries are a major organizational principle in human emotion processing, but their interaction with prefrontal control processes is not well understood. To this end, we determined whether hemispheric differences in response inhibition depend on the emotional valence of the stimulus being inhibited. Participants completed a lateralised Go/Nogo task, in which Nogo stimuli were neutral or emotional (either positive or negative) images, while Go stimuli were scrambled versions of the same pictures. We recorded the N2 and P3 event-related potential (ERP) components, two common electrophysiological measures of response inhibition processes. Behaviourally, participants were more accurate in withholding responses to emotional than to neutral stimuli. Electrophysiologically, Nogo-P3 responses were greater for emotional than for neutral stimuli, an effect driven primarily by an enhanced response to positive images. Hemispheric asymmetries were also observed, with greater Nogo-P3 following left versus right visual field stimuli. However, the visual field effect did not interact with emotion. We therefore find no evidence that emotion-related asymmetries affect response inhibition processes.
Knowledge about the health-promoting and well-being enhancing power of meditative practices has a long history, with great examples in the Buddhist tradition of mindfulness meditation and of Hatha Yoga (Chiesa & Serretti, 2009). Although derived from religious contexts, meditation was includedamong psychotherapeutic approaches around 30 years ago, as a self-regulation strategy applied in treatment programs for mental health (Kabat-Zinn, 1982). Initially defined as the "Stress Reduction and Relaxation Program" protocol (Kabat-Zinn et al., 1985) and subsequently modified and renamed as "Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction" (MBSR) (Kabat-Zinn et al., 1992), MBSR represents an attempt to integrate mindfulness meditation practices and Hatha Yoga stretching exercises into a standardized training, with potential application in both medical and psychological clinical practice (Chiesa & Serretti, 2009; Kabat-Zinn et al., 1985). MBSR has been shown to be effective in reducing symptoms in various psychiatric
Previous studies have explored effects of the conscious processing of emotional information on the interaction between emotion and executive control. However, the conscious processing of emotional information introduces “defensive responses,” which might limit the emotional effect. To avoid the limitations, this study aimed to explore the effect of automatic emotional processing on response inhibition among heroin abstainers. Individuals experiencing heroin withdrawal symptoms are not entirely exempt from the influence of drugs, and it is challenging to find heroin addicts in practice. Therefore, similar to previous studies, we recruited heroin abstainers in this study. In Experiment 1, for the heroin abstainers group, 30 participants meeting the inclusion criteria were recruited from a compulsory isolated detoxification center, whereas 30 age‐ and education‐matched participants were recruited from the community as the control group. These participants completed the Go/No‐Go task by supraliminal emotional priming. In Experiment 2, the heroin abstainers group comprised 33 eligible participants and control group comprised 33 eligible participants. These participants completed the Go/No‐Go task by subliminal emotional priming. We compared the participants’ rates of commission errors in the Go/No‐Go tasks. The rate of commission errors was lowest upon the activation of positive emotion. Moreover, under subliminal emotional priming, the rate of commission errors for the heroin abstainers group was significantly lower than that for the control group. However, regarding supraliminal emotional priming, there was no significant difference between the rates of commission errors for the two groups. These results suggest automatic positive emotional processing can enhance response inhibition among heroin abstainers. Moreover, under subliminal emotional priming, heroin abstainers had more enhanced response inhibition than the control groups. This study plays a significant role in understanding the effect of automatic emotional processing on response inhibition among drug addicts. This study also provides a theoretical basis for ensuring enhanced response inhibition among drug addicts.
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