The role of the anterior cingulate in automatic and controlled processes: A developmental neuroanatomical study

Casey, B. J.; Trainor, Rolf J.; Giedd, Jay; Vauss, Yolanda C.; Vaituzis, Catherine; Hamburger, Susan; Kozuch, Patricia; Rapoport, Judith L.

doi:10.1002/(sici)1098-2302(199701)30:1<61::aid-dev6>3.3.co;2-b

Cited by 50 publications

(80 citation statements)

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“…Observation of sex differences may also be confounded given that the males may have been somewhat overrepresented in the upper end of our age range (and volumes decrease with age such that older participants have smaller gray-matter volumes), which could account for the larger subcortical gray-matter volumes in females. Nonetheless, our results are consistent with at least one other report, attesting to their validity (Giedd et al 1997). …”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

“…This has been shown in one recent study where improvement on a task of verbal learning and organization was found to be related to maturation specifically in the frontal lobes (Sowell et al 2001). Similar relations between cingulate cortex and tasks of attention have been observed (Casey et al 1997) providing further evidence that the structural changes observed are related to improved cognitive abilities.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 77%

“…Significant sex effects were also observed in subcortical regions where females had larger thalami, larger caudate nuclei, and larger basomesial diencephalic regions once cranial size differences were controlled for. Larger caudate nuclei in girls than in boys has also been reported by another research group (Giedd et al 1997). Unfortunately, our examination of sex effects suffers from a lack of statistical power when males and females are analyzed separately, thus all analyses for age effects included all participants, male and female.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 75%

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Development of cortical and subcortical brain structures in childhood and adolescence: a structural MRI study

Sowell

Trauner

Gamst

et al. 2002

Dev Med Child Neurol

601

388

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 77%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 75%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Development of cortical and subcortical brain structures in childhood and adolescence: a structural MRI study

Sowell

Trauner

Gamst

et al. 2002

Dev Med Child Neurol

601

388

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“…The sensory selection task was a forced-choice discrimination task (Casey et al, 1993 that required the subject to select which of three objects presented in the center of a computer screen was unique based on stimulus attributes of color and shape. In the control condition, the unique attribute was constant across trials.…”

Section: Behavioral Paradigmsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Implication of Right Frontostriatal Circuitry in Response Inhibition and Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder

Casey¹,

Castellanos²,

Giedd³

et al. 1997

Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psych

704

401

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Objective: To examine the relation between specific frontostriatal structures (prefrontal cortex and basal ganglia) and response inhibition deficits observed in attention-deficitlhyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Method: Children with ADHD and age-matched normal controls were scanned using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and tested on three response inhibition tasks. Behavioral performance was correlated with MRI-based anatomical measures of frontostriatal circuitry (prefrontal cortex and basal ganglia) implicated in ADHD. Results: First, significant differences in performance by children with ADHD and normal volunteers were observed on all three response inhibition tasks. Second, performance on these tasks correlated only with those anatomical measures of frontostriatal circuitry observed to be abnormal in children with ADHD (e.g., the region of the prefrontal cortex, caudate, and globus pallidus, but not the putamen) in the authors' previous study. Third, significant correlations between task performance and anatomical measures of the prefrontal cortex and caudate nuclei were predominantly in the right hemisphere, supporting a role of right frontostriatal circuitry in response inhibition and ADHD. Conclusion: The data suggest a role of the right prefrontal cortex in suppressing responses to salient, but otherwise irrelevant events while the basal ganglia appear to be involved in executing these behavioral responses.

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“…Recent studies have focused on the examination of these late brain maturational changes in vivo using MRI to assess for age-related changes in total brain volume and in the volumes of various cortical and subcortical structures (Jernigan et al 1991;Pfefferbaum et al 1994;Caviness et al 1996;Giedd et al 1996aGiedd et al , 1996bGiedd et al , 1999Reiss et al 1996;Giedd et al 1997;Sowell and Jernigan 1998). In these studies, significant total brain volume increases have been observed between childhood and young adulthood (Jernigan et al 1991, Giedd et al 1999.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of cortical and subcortical brain structures in childhood and adolescence: a structural MRI study

Sowell

Trauner

Gamst

et al. 2002

Develop Med Child Neuro

172

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The purpose of the present study was to describe in greater anatomical detail the changes in brain structure that occur during maturation between childhood and adolescence. High‐resolution MRI, tissue classification, and anatomical segmentation of cortical and subcortical regions were used in a sample of 35 normally developing children and adolescents between 7 and 16 years of age (mean age 11 years; 20 males, 15 females). Each cortical and subcortical measure was examined for age and sex effects on raw volumes and on the measures as proportions of total supratentorial cranial volume. Results indicate age‐related increases in total supratentorial cranial volume and raw and proportional increases in total cerebral white matter. Gray‐matter volume reductions were only observed once variance in total brain size was proportionally controlled. The change in total cerebral white‐matter proportion was significantly greater than the change in total cerebral gray‐matter proportion over this age range, suggesting that the relative gray‐matter reduction is probably due to significant increases in white matter. Total raw cerebral CSF volume increases were also observed. Within the cerebrum, regional patterns varied depending on the tissue (or CSF) assessed. Only frontal and parietal cortices showed changes in gray matter, white matter, and CSF measures. Once the approximately 7% larger brain volume in males was controlled, only mesial temporal cortex, caudate, thalamus, and basomesial diencephalic structures showed sex effects with the females having greater relative volumes in these regions than the males. Overall, these results are consistent with earlier reports and describe in greater detail the regional pattern of age‐related differences in gray and white matter in normally developing children and adolescents.

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The role of the anterior cingulate in automatic and controlled processes: A developmental neuroanatomical study

Cited by 50 publications

References 0 publications

Development of cortical and subcortical brain structures in childhood and adolescence: a structural MRI study

Development of cortical and subcortical brain structures in childhood and adolescence: a structural MRI study

Implication of Right Frontostriatal Circuitry in Response Inhibition and Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder

Development of cortical and subcortical brain structures in childhood and adolescence: a structural MRI study

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