The role of the anion in the toxicity of imidazolium ionic liquids

Selected issues related to the toxicity of ionic liquids and deep eutectic solvents—a review

“…based on work of Biczak et al 2014or Ge et al 2014) -Determining toxicity for standard cell lines to systemize knowledge, modes of action and applicability in medicine and pharmacy -Degradation techniques to selectively remove/decompose these substances with enzymatic/oxidation methods in diluted sewage waters…”

Effects of imidazolium chloride ionic liquids and their toxicity to Scenedesmus obliquus

“…The environmental impact and ecological activity of several ILs have been investigated in terrestrial invertebrates, vertebrates, algae, microorganisms, plants and human cells (Biczak et al, 2014;Egorova and Ananikov, 2014;Liu et al, 2015;Pham et al, 2010). Many ILs were found to be toxic or even highly toxic towards cells and living organisms (Egorova and Ananikov, 2014), and the aquatic (eco)toxicity of ILs plays a very important role in their environmental impact because of their good solubility and high stability (Cvjetko Bubalo et al, 2014;Pham et al, 2010).…”

Biochemical and gene expression effects of 1-alkyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate on Vibrio qinghaiensis sp.-Q67

“…The special contributions of BF 4 anion could be related to the hydrolysis of fluoric groups resulting in the formation of hydrogen fluoride [15][16][17]. Based on this relation, we assumed that [amim]BF 4 would show less stimulations and higher tox- [10].…”

“…The different effects between the shortand long-term exposures implied an underlying time-dependent change. Meanwhile, the BF 4 anion was more toxic than Br − and Cl − due to the hydrolysis of fluoric groups resulting in the formation of hydrogen fluoride [15][16][17]. Therefore, [amim]BF 4 was assumed to have time-dependent effects with higher toxicities and less stimulations than [amim]Br and [amim]Cl.…”