The Role of the Amygdala and the Ventromedial Prefrontal Cortex in Emotional Regulation: Implications for Post-traumatic Stress Disorder

Andrewes, David; Jenkins, Lisanne M.

doi:10.1007/s11065-019-09398-4

Cited by 80 publications

(63 citation statements)

References 260 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…, 2011 ). One candidate region is the vmPFC, which regulates emotion through top-down inhibition of the amygdala ( Andrewes and Jenkins, 2019 ). Deficient inhibitory control of the vmPFC on the amygdala has been shown to lead to hyper-emotional reactivity and pathologically elevated levels of negative affect ( Quirk and Gehlert, 2003 ; Milad et al.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Interactions between decision-making and emotion in behavioral-variant frontotemporal dementia and Alzheimer’s disease

Manuel

Roquet

Landín-Romero

et al. 2020

Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Abstract Negative and positive emotions are known to shape decision-making towards more or less impulsive responses respectively. Decision-making and emotion processing are underpinned by shared brain regions including the ventromedio-prefrontal cortex (vmPFC) and the amygdala. How these processes interact at the behavioural and brain levels is still unclear. We used a lesion model to address this question. Study participants included individuals diagnosed with behavioural-variant frontotemporal dementia (bvFTD, n=18), who typically present deficits in decision-making/emotion processing and atrophy of the vmPFC, individuals with Alzheimer’s disease (AD, n=12) who present with atrophy in limbic structures, and age-matched healthy controls (CTRL, n=15). Prior to each choice on the delay discounting task participants were cued with a positive, negative or neutral picture and asked to vividly imagine witnessing the event. As hypothesised, our findings showed that, bvFTD patients were more impulsive than AD and CTRL and did not show any emotion-related modulation of delay discounting rate. In contrast, AD patients showed increased impulsivity when primed by negative emotion. This increased impulsivity was associated with reduced integrity of bilateral amygdala in AD but not in bvFTD. Altogether, our results indicate that decision-making and emotion interact at the level of the amygdala supporting findings from animal studies.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Interactions between decision-making and emotion in behavioral-variant frontotemporal dementia and Alzheimer’s disease

Manuel

Roquet

Landín-Romero

et al. 2020

Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Inputs from the amygdala, medial prefrontal cortex, and hippocampus activate the hypothalamic pituitary adrenal axis, and these regions have been widely identified as having altered function or structure in PTSD. Converging lines of evidence from imaging studies indicate that the ventromedial prefrontal cortex inhibits or modulates the activity of the amygdala and anterior insula, suggesting a basis for understanding relationships between these regions in patients with PTSD (43). Further roles of key brain regions are highlighted below, with additional details described in Table 2.…”

Section: Neurocircuitry Model Of Ptsdmentioning

confidence: 99%

Long-Term Clinical and Neuronuclear Imaging Sequelae of Cancer Therapy, Trauma, and Brain Injury

et al. 2019

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Learning Objectives: On successful completion of this activity, participants should be able to (1) describe clinical features and therapeutic approaches in the evaluation and management of cancer-and chemotherapy-related cognitive impairment (CRCI), posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), and traumatic brain injury (TBI); (2) discuss the role of neuroimaging in contributing to understanding of relationships between clinical features of CRCI, PTSD, and TBI, with aspects of underlying regional cerebral function; and (3) identify which brain processes are most consistently shown to be affected in CRCI, PTSD, and TBI.

show abstract

“…The distinct pattern of dysregulation compared to neighboring region area 25 highlights the heterogeneity of function within vmPFC and reveals how the effects of area 14 overactivation on positive and negative reactivity mirror symptoms of anhedonia and anxiety that are so often comorbid in mood disorders. ventromedial | orbitofrontal | anxiety | anhedonia | area 14 D ysfunction in ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC) is implicated in mood and anxiety disorders (1,2). This is theorized to result from its proposed role in reward valuation and reward-guided decision making as well as threat regulation and negative emotion (refs.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Ventromedial prefrontal area 14 provides opposing regulation of threat and reward-elicited responses in the common marmoset

Stawicka

Massoudi

Horst

et al. 2020

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC) is a key brain structure implicated in mood and anxiety disorders, based primarily on evidence from correlational neuroimaging studies. Composed of a number of brain regions with distinct architecture and connectivity, dissecting its functional heterogeneity will provide key insights into the symptomatology of these disorders. Focusing on area 14, lying on the medial and orbital surfaces of the gyrus rectus, this study addresses a key question of causality. Do changes in area 14 activity induce changes in threat- and reward-elicited responses within the nonhuman primate, the common marmoset, similar to that seen in mood and anxiety disorders? Area 14 overactivation was found to induce heightened responsivity to uncertain, low-imminence threat while blunting cardiovascular and behavioral anticipatory arousal to high-value food reward. Conversely, inactivation enhanced the arousal to high-value reward cues while dampening the acquisition of cardiovascular and behavioral responses to a Pavlovian threat cue. Basal cardiovascular activity, including heart rate variability and sympathovagal balance, which are dysfunctional in mood and anxiety disorders, are insensitive to alterations in area 14 activity as is the extinction of conditioned threat responses. The distinct pattern of dysregulation compared to neighboring region area 25 highlights the heterogeneity of function within vmPFC and reveals how the effects of area 14 overactivation on positive and negative reactivity mirror symptoms of anhedonia and anxiety that are so often comorbid in mood disorders.

show abstract

The Role of the Amygdala and the Ventromedial Prefrontal Cortex in Emotional Regulation: Implications for Post-traumatic Stress Disorder

Cited by 80 publications

References 260 publications

Interactions between decision-making and emotion in behavioral-variant frontotemporal dementia and Alzheimer’s disease

Interactions between decision-making and emotion in behavioral-variant frontotemporal dementia and Alzheimer’s disease

Long-Term Clinical and Neuronuclear Imaging Sequelae of Cancer Therapy, Trauma, and Brain Injury

Ventromedial prefrontal area 14 provides opposing regulation of threat and reward-elicited responses in the common marmoset

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About