The role of tear physiology in ocular surface temperature

Craig, Jennifer P.; Singh, Iqbal; Tomlinson, Alan; Morgan, Philip B.; Efron, Nathan

doi:10.1038/eye.2000.156

Cited by 167 publications

(117 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…25,26 In addition, the lid changes occurring in course of MGD such as thickening, hyperaemia, and eyelash malposition may contribute to the signs of ocular irritation often occurring in these patients, resulting from irregular lid margin and consequent inefficient tear distribution over the ocular surface. [27][28][29] In the present study, a lower tear basal secretion and more evident conjunctival alterations were observed in subjects with MGD; these findings may also contribute to the presence of ocular discomfort symptoms during the work at VDT.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 51%

Meibomian gland dysfunction and ocular discomfort in video display terminal workers

Fenga

Aragona

Cacciola

et al. 2007

Eye

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Purpose Meibomian gland dysfunction (MGD) is one of the most common ocular disorders encountered in clinical practice. The clinical manifestations of MGD are related to the changes in the tear film and ocular surface with symptoms of ocular discomfort. In recent years, many surveys have evaluated symptoms associated with the use of Video Display Terminals (VDT), and VDT use is recognized as a risk factor for eye discomfort. The aim of the present study was to determine if the presence of MGD contributes to the signs and symptoms of ocular discomfort during the use of VDT. Methods In course of a routine health surveillance programme, a group of 70 subjects fulfilled the inclusion criteria and responded to a questionnaire about symptoms of ocular discomfort. The following ocular tests were performed: tear break-up time, fluorescein corneal stain, and basal tear secretion test. Results A total of 52 subjects out of 70 (74.3%) had MGD. A statistically significant correlation between the symptoms of ocular discomfort and hours spent on VDT work was observed in the total population (r ¼ 0.358; P ¼ 0.002; 95% CI 0.13-0.54) and in the group of subjects with MGD (r ¼ 0.365; P ¼ 0.009; 95% CI 0.103-0.58). Such correlation was not shown in subjects without MGD. Conclusions The high prevalence of MGD among the subjects with symptoms of ocular discomfort suggests that this diagnosis should be considered when occupational health practitioners encounter ocular complaints among VDT operators. It appears that MGD can contribute to the development of ocular discomfort in VDT operators.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 51%

Meibomian gland dysfunction and ocular discomfort in video display terminal workers

Fenga

Aragona

Cacciola

et al. 2007

Eye

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“…Changes in OST can be contributed by tear film instability and rapid tear evaporation [9,18]. Others have reported contrary findings.…”

Section: Correlation Between T4 Metrics and Signs And Symptoms For Drmentioning

confidence: 79%

“…Ocular surface temperature (OST) measurement with infrared (IR) ocular thermography is indicative of the tear film and its stability [9,10]. Ocular thermography has been used to study DED [9,[11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19] with three studies reporting on its diagnostic ability [16,18,19] with inconsistent results. We have also considered the application of IR ocular thermography in screening mild to moderate DED.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diagnostic Ability of Conventional Dry Eye Tests and their Correlation with Ocular Surface Temperature

Tan¹,

Morgan²

2016

J Clin Exp Ophthalmol

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Objective: To study the diagnostic ability of conventional dry eye tests and their correlation with ocular surface temperature (OST) and derive the best combined objective tests for dry eye. Methods:This was a single visit study included a few conventional dry eye tests on 62 dry eye and 82 control subjects: symptom evaluation, fluorescein break-up time (FBUT), corneal epithelial staining (CES), non-invasive break-up time (NIBUT) and tear meniscus height (TMH). OST was recorded using NEC TH9260 thermo tracer and six temperature metrics of the extreme nasal conjunctiva was studied including the temperature 10 seconds after eye opening (T4-10). Diagnostic ability was assessed by calculating sensitivity and specificity and area under the receiver operating characteristics curve (AUC). Results:No correlation (Pearson's coefficient, -0.203 to 0.209; p>0.05) was found between Mscore, Scount, FBUT and CES with any of the temperature metrics. However, CES correlated significantly with TMH (r=0.276; p=0.030) and inversely correlated significantly with FBUT (r=-0.258; p=0.043). Values of Mscore at 8 were found to give sensitivity of 87.1% (95% CI: 76.2 to 94.3%) and specificity of 92.7% (84.8 to 97.3%). Values of Scount at 1 were found to give sensitivity of 93.6% (84.3 to 98.2%) and specificity of 65.9% (54.6 to 76.0%). Values of FBUT at 2 s were found to give sensitivity of 58.1% (44.9 to 70.5%) and specificity of 87.8% (78.7 to 94.0%). Values of CES at grade 2 were found to give sensitivity of 71% (58.1 to 81.8%) and specificity of 59.8% (48.3 to 70.4%). Combining CES with T4-10 (series) had increased the AUC to 78% with sensitivity and specificity of 92.3% and 42.7% respectively. Conclusion:This work validated the ability of Mscore, Scount, FBUT and CES in diagnosing dry eye and further confirmed the discordance between its signs and symptoms. Combining CES with T4-10 (series) can be future objective tests for dry eye.

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“…23,24 Thin lipid layers (r60 nm) have been correlated with tear film instability, 23,24 increased evaporation rate, 23 high osmolality, 34 symptoms, 24,25 and dry eye disorders. 25 The correlation coefficients in this study for LLT with STA and LLT with FBUT were higher than for STA with FBUT.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Correlation of lipid layer thickness measurements with fluorescein tear film break-up time and Schirmer's test

Isreb

Greiner

Korb

et al. 2003

Eye

120

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Purpose This study correlates measurement of lipid layer thickness (LLT) with two frequently used dry eye tests, fluorescein break-up time (FBUT) and Schirmer's test with anaesthesia (STA). Methods Subjects (n ¼ 44 eyes) with symptoms of dry eye and positive results for dry eye with either FBUT or STA or both were selected. Quantification of LLT was performed by the observation of colour interference patterns in zones of specular reflection using a custom-designed instrument. Results All correlations among pairs of tests were strong and exhibited a significance of Po0.000: STA with FBUT, Pearson's correlation 0.653; STA with LLT, 0.764; FBUT with LLT, 0.751. When LLT was high, ie Z120 nm, which occurred in 14 eyes, STA was also elevated in those eyes and FBUT was high in 13 of the 14 eyes. When LLT was low, ie r60, which occurred in 22 eyes, STA was below normal in 14 of the 22 eyes, and FBUT was below normal in 15 of the 22 eyes. These clinical observations paralleled the statistical findings computed from the entire data set. Conclusions The correlations demonstrated in this study support the premise (1) that measurement of LLT is a reliable test for the diagnosis of dry eye, and (2) that aqueous deficiency and lipid deficiency, as they apply to dry eye disorders, are not mutually exclusive.

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The role of tear physiology in ocular surface temperature

Abstract: Purpose To determine whether the more rapid cooling of the tear film in dry eyes is related to other tear film parameters, a battery of tear physiology tests was performed on dry eye patients and control subjects.

Cited by 167 publications

References 29 publications

Meibomian gland dysfunction and ocular discomfort in video display terminal workers

Meibomian gland dysfunction and ocular discomfort in video display terminal workers

Diagnostic Ability of Conventional Dry Eye Tests and their Correlation with Ocular Surface Temperature

Correlation of lipid layer thickness measurements with fluorescein tear film break-up time and Schirmer's test

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