The role of syllables and morphemes in silent reading: An eye-tracking study

Abstract

German skilled readers have been found to engage in morphological and syllable-based processing in visual word recognition. However, the relative reliance on syllables and morphemes in reading multi-syllabic complex words is still unresolved. The present study aimed to unveil which of these sub-lexical units are the preferred units of reading by employing eye-tracking technology. Participants silently read sentences while their eye movements were recorded. Words were visually marked by the use of color alternation (Experiment 1) or hyphenation (Experiment 2), either at syllable boundary (e.g., Kir-schen), at morpheme boundary (e.g., Kirsch-en) or within the units themselves (e.g., Ki-rschen). A control condition without disruptions was used as a baseline (e.g., Kirschen). The results of Experiment 1 showed that eye-movements were not modulated by color alternations. The results of Experiment 2 indicated that hyphens disrupting syllables had a larger inhibitory effect on reading times than hyphens disrupting morphemes, suggesting that eye-movements in German skilled readers are more influenced by syllablic than morphological structure.

Diagnosing Reading Disorders based on Eye Movements during Natural Reading

“…Eye tracking is a technique that records and analyzes the movements and positions of the eyes as participants process visual stimuli such as text on a screen [6,7]. By measuring the duration and frequency of gazes on individual words, real-time monitoring of the cognitive processes of a participant becomes possible, allowing researchers to gain valuable insights into the cognitive processes involved in reading [8][9][10][11][12][13][14]. Compared with other modalities such as electroencephalography and functional magnetic resonance imaging, eye tracking offers an affordable option to investigate the cognitive processes involved in reading [15,16].…”