The role of surgery for atypical bronchopulmonary carcinoid tumor: Development and validation of a model based on Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database

Predictive Indicators of Survival in Patients With Surgically Resected Lung Carcinoid Tumors at a Greek Medical Center

“…Age was a variable associated with survival in a study by Ferguson MK et al [15] and age >60 years old had a statistically significant correlation to worse survival in a study by Cao C et al [16]. In a study by Chen X et al, the prognosis for lung atypical carcinoids patients with older age became much worse than that of patients with younger age (p < 0.01) [17], and in a study by Lim E et al, age was an independent predictor of survival [18].…”

“…Filosso PL et al demonstrated that nodal deposition was a predictor of worse survival [14]. Chen X et al in their study showed that lymph node metastasis was an independent prognostic factor of worse survival in patients with atypical carcinoids (p <0.05) [17]. In a study by Ramirez RA et al, patients with N0 staging had an excellent five-year survival rate as compared to patients with N1 and N2 involvement and there was a statistically significant relation between tumor stage and survival [21].…”

“…Patients with a tumor size of ≤3.7 cm had better survival as compared to those with a tumor size of >3.7 cm (p=0.0001). Chen X et al found that patients with the size of the tumor 27.5 mm had significantly shorter survival than those with a tumor size of ≤27.5 mm (p=0.018) [17]. Beasley MB et al revealed that tumor size 3.5 cm or greater was a negative predictor of prognosis in pulmonary carcinoids [19].…”

Molecular Pathology of Pulmonary Large Cell Neuroendocrine Carcinoma: Novel Concepts and Treatments

“…Supracarcinoids appeared morphologically as atypical carcinoids, but their molecular signature corresponded to the molecular cluster of LCNEC (40,105). In addition to sharing the molecular features of LCNEC, supra-carcinoids also showed worse prognosis, similar to survival rates in LCNEC -10-year overall survival of 33% and 19%, respectively (vs. 59% in conventional atypical carcinoid) (105,106). However, histological and clinical characteristics of carcinoid-like LCNEC and supra-carcinoids are yet to be defined.…”

Case Report: Metastatic Bronchopulmonary Carcinoid Tumor to the Pineal Region

“…These lesions are classified into four distinct subtypes including: (i) well-differentiated, low-grade typical carcinoids; (ii) well-differentiated, intermediate-grade atypical carcinoids; (iii) poorly differentiated, high-grade large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma; and (iv) poorly differentiated, high- grade small cell lung cancer (8,9). Although typical and atypical carcinoids are categorized as low-and intermediate-grade tumors, respectively, these tumors are capable of regional lymph node metastasis as well as spread to distant sites (8,(13)(14)(15). Indeed, 5-20% of typical carcinoids and 30-40% of atypical carcinoids are known metastasize.…”