The Role of Surfactants in Liquid Soaps and Its Antimicrobial Properties

Nazdrajic, Sanela; Bratovčić, Amra

doi:10.21474/ijar01/10175

Cited by 6 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…In the last decades, contamination by pathogenic bacteria has become a critical factor in production and application of pharmaceutical, personal care, and other house‐hold products. [ 36,41,54 ]…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In this respect, SDS as the most widely used anionic surfactants has found a number of applications in pharmaceutical and cosmetic products (such as creams, ointments, gels, and shampoos) as an emulsifying agent, penetration enhancer, solubilizing agent, lubricant, etc. [40,41] Although there are no official regulatory recommendations relating to the acceptable SDS concentration, these products can contain SDS at concentrations ranging from 0.2% w/w (creams, ointments, hand/face washes, etc) to 30% w/v (liquid soaps, shampoos, etc.). [42] On the other hand, the formation of a turbid solution or precipitation of a water-insoluble CHI/SDS complex from acidic aqueous media (pH < 7) starts at SDS concentration much below the critical micelle concentration of the surfactant (CMC 8.1 mm; ≈0.25%).…”

Section: Comparative Compatibility Of Sds With Oligochi and Ra-oligochi In Solution: Bulk Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the last decades, contamination by pathogenic bacteria has become a critical factor in production and application of pharmaceutical, personal care, and other house-hold products. [36,41,54] In contrast to cationic surfactants, anionic surfactants demonstrate a lower antimicrobial activity, and they are more or less effective against some Gram-positive bacteria being less effective against Gram-negative bacteria and not effective against molds. [36,41,55,56] In the turn, CHI, oligoCHI, and RA-oligoCHI have shown a high antibacterial activity toward Gram-negative bacteria in comparison with Gram-negative ones.…”

Section: Antibacterial Activity Of Ra-chi In the Presence Of Sdsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[36,41,54] In contrast to cationic surfactants, anionic surfactants demonstrate a lower antimicrobial activity, and they are more or less effective against some Gram-positive bacteria being less effective against Gram-negative bacteria and not effective against molds. [36,41,55,56] In the turn, CHI, oligoCHI, and RA-oligoCHI have shown a high antibacterial activity toward Gram-negative bacteria in comparison with Gram-negative ones. [34,57,58] In this respect, a combination of CHI derivative with a strong anionic surfactant seems a promising composition capable of increasing their antimicrobial activity toward both Gram-negative and Gram-negative bacteria since the antimicrobial actions of CHI turbidity versus pH at different SDS concentrations: 1) 2.5%, 2) 1.0%, 3) 0.5%, 4) 0.25%, 5) 0.1%.…”

Section: Antibacterial Activity Of Ra-chi In the Presence Of Sdsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Unusual Compatibility of N‐Reacetylated Oligochitosan with Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate in Aqueous Solution with a Wide Range of the Solution pH

et al. 2021

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N‐reacetylated oligochitosan (RA‐oligoCHI) with molecular weight ≤ 12 kDa and a random‐type distribution of acetyl groups can form soluble RA‐CHI/SDS (SDS; sodium dodecyl sulfate) complexes and transparent solutions both in acidic, where RA‐oligoCHI is soluble, and alkaline aqueous media, where RA‐oligoCHI is soluble too, at SDS concentration above its critical micellar concentration. AN antibacterial activity test shows that RA‐CHIs preserve a high bacteriostatic activity toward S. aureus and E. coli in the presence of SDS both in acidic and alkaline aqueous solutions. The discovered compatibility and preservation of antibacterial activity can make promising the application of RA‐CHIs as artificial biocides for the preparation of microbiologically stable pharmaceutical hydrocolloids and cosmetic compositions containing strong anionic surfactants designed for topical applications.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Comparative Compatibility Of Sds With Oligochi and Ra-oligochi In Solution: Bulk Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Antibacterial Activity Of Ra-chi In the Presence Of Sdsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Antibacterial Activity Of Ra-chi In the Presence Of Sdsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Unusual Compatibility of N‐Reacetylated Oligochitosan with Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate in Aqueous Solution with a Wide Range of the Solution pH

et al. 2021

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Formulation of Liquid Soap Contains Cow's Milk from Middle Small Enterprise in Cimahi

Sutarna

Anggraeni²,

Alatas³

et al. 2022

IJPST

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Skin is one of the outermost body defenses which is often exposed to foreign objects. Cleaning the dirt on the skin is done using soap. Cow's milk contains protein and fat which is effective to moisturize and nourish the skin. This study aims to make liquid soap preparations from cow's milk that serves to increase moisture on the skin. The study began with the collection of cow's milks from small and medium businesses in the city of Cimahi and organoleptic characteristics testing. Then a series of liquid soap formulas were made containing 0, 5, 10 and 20% cow's milk. Liquid soap preparations obtained were evaluated including physical evaluation (organoleptic, pH, viscosity, and stability tests) and testing of respondents (testing the emollient power with a skin analyzer, preference test, and cleaning effectiveness). The data obtained were analyzed statistically using paired t-test. Physical evaluation results showed that the search for soap formula containing cow's milk was stable for 28 days storage. The test results of the respondents showed that the most preferred preparation is liquid soap containing 15% cow's milk with reasons for being comfortable, soft and not sticky to the skin. The results of the cleaning effectiveness test also showed liquid soap containing 15% cow's milk can clean the dirt and make up.Keywords: Cow milk, liquid soap, emollient

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Skin Cleansing without or with Compromise: Soaps and Syndets

Mijaljica¹,

Spada²,

Harrison³

2022

Molecules

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Products designed to cleanse the skin commonly do so through surfactant action, which leads to the lowering of the surface tension of the skin to facilitate the removal of dirt from its surface. Skin cleansers generally come in one of two types: soap-based and synthetic detergents, or syndets. While the latter can effectively maintain the native skin structure, function and integrity, the former tends to negatively affect the skin by causing barrier disruption, lipid dissolution and pH alteration. Despite this, soap is still often preferred, possibly due to the negative connotations around anything that is not perceived as ‘natural’. It is, therefore, important that the science behind cleansers, especially those designed for the maintenance of healthy skin and the management of common skin conditions such as eczema, be understood by both formulators and end-users. Here, we carefully weigh the advantages and disadvantages of the different types of surfactant—the key ingredient(s) in skin cleansers—and provide insight into surfactants’ physicochemical properties, biological activity and potential effects. Fine-tuning of the complex characteristics of surfactants can successfully lead to an ‘optimal’ skin cleanser that can simultaneously be milder in nature, highly effective and beneficial, and offer minimal skin interference and environmental impact.

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The Role of Surfactants in Liquid Soaps and Its Antimicrobial Properties

Cited by 6 publications

References 14 publications

Unusual Compatibility of N‐Reacetylated Oligochitosan with Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate in Aqueous Solution with a Wide Range of the Solution pH

Unusual Compatibility of N‐Reacetylated Oligochitosan with Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate in Aqueous Solution with a Wide Range of the Solution pH

Formulation of Liquid Soap Contains Cow's Milk from Middle Small Enterprise in Cimahi

Skin Cleansing without or with Compromise: Soaps and Syndets

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