The Role of Surface Mixing in the Seasonal Variation of the Ocean Thermal Structure

Haney, Robert L.; Davies, Robert W.

doi:10.1175/1520-0485(1976)006<0504:trosmi>2.0.co;2

Cited by 14 publications

(5 citation statements)

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“…This accounts for the fact that the timing of the warmest and coldest month might differ in different oceanographic settings. Overall, individual profiles of mean monthly temperatures exhibit sinusoidal oscillations, consistent with the theoretical prediction based on intra‐annual variability in solar insolation at a given latitude (Haney & Davies, 1976). This pattern breaks down slightly in the high latitude (70–90°N/S), where winter SSTs are constrained by the freezing point of salt water, and in equatorial regions of deep convection (Figure S1 in the supporting information).…”

Section: Methodssupporting

confidence: 84%

A Dynamical Framework for Interpreting Ancient Sea Surface Temperatures

Judd

Bhattacharya

Ivany

2020

Geophysical Research Letters

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Efforts to estimate past global mean temperature and latitudinal gradients must contend with spatial heterogeneity in sea surface temperatures (SSTs). Here, we use modern SSTs to show that the environments from which most paleoclimatic data are drawn, shallow epeiric seas and continental margins, are systematically offset from zonal mean temperatures. Epeiric seas are warmer and more seasonal than open‐ocean values from the same latitudes, while continental margins exhibit consistent and predictable deviations related to gyre circulation. Warm temperatures inferred from Paleozoic proxy data may largely reflect that these data derive almost entirely from epeiric seas. Moreover, pseudoproxy analysis using Paleogene sampling localities demonstrates how undersampling of the full range of dynamical environments associated with gyre circulation can generate spurious estimates of latitudinal temperature gradients. Recognition of these global patterns permits a predictive framework within which to more robustly interpret proxy data, improve Earth system models, and reconstruct ancient dynamic regimes.

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Section: Methodssupporting

confidence: 84%

A Dynamical Framework for Interpreting Ancient Sea Surface Temperatures

Judd

Bhattacharya

Ivany

2020

Geophysical Research Letters

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“…It is impossible to directly calculate real wind-driven mixing without current shear data; however, the magnitude of wind speed roughly indicates entrainment strength according to laboratory experimental results and simplified theoretical results: larger wind speed would cause stronger mixing in the surface layer because more kinetic energy is input for mixing from winds [Kraus and Turner, 1967;Haney and Davies, 1976;Price, 1981]. Ekman pumping (W E ) was estimated by the formula as follows: where s x and s y are the east and north components of wind stress, respectively, and h is the latitude in degree.…”

Section: Wind Data and Wind Effectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Physical drivers of chlorophyll variability in the open South China Sea

et al. 2016

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The variability of chlorophyll a concentration (Chl a) in the open South China Sea (SCS) was examined using observations from two Bio‐Argo floats. During the period of September 2014 to August 2015, there was a permanent subsurface Chl a maximum (SCM) in the depth range of 48 to 96 m in the central basin of the SCS. In the northern basin, the SCM disappeared in winter, replaced by enhanced surface layer phytoplankton with high Chl a. The values of the SCM were influenced by the vertical displacement of isotherms. Strong wind forcing and surface cooling were the main physical drivers of high surface Chl a in winter. In the north, stronger wind than in the center, lower sea surface temperature (SST) than in the center, and Kuroshio water intrusion were more favorable for the upward transport of nutrient‐rich deep water. A large amount of nitrate could be advected from the Taiwan Strait and shallow continental shelf to the northern basin in winter. A combination of strong wind mixing, surface cooling, Kuroshio water intrusion, and horizontal advection caused the winter surface phytoplankton bloom in the north.

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“…This is in contrast to integral mixed layer models. Most of these box-type models (with predictive ML depth) are found to deepen monotonically over climatic timescales (Haney and Davies, 1976).…”

Section: ~T ~ I(kh+~z) ~T ) ~0mentioning

confidence: 99%

Modelling sea surface temperature rise resulting from increasing atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations

Henderson‐Sellers

1987

Climatic Change

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Concern over the role of the oceans in a warming world, likely to result from increasing atmospheric carbon dioxide, has prompted analysis using simple models. Results from two recent, independent studies using a simple box-diffusion model suggest that over the last 130 years, observations and models are not in disagreement. Although a diffusive deep ocean was indeed included in this simplistic model, it is suggested here that the resulting ocean model offers an oversimplistic view of the oceanic contribution to the overall global atmosphere-ocean climate system and that it is necessary to add a convective capability to the water column. Using this approach it is suggested that, on a timescale of a century, the sea surface temperature increase is likely to be less by a factor of at least 3 than that previously forecast.

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The Role of Surface Mixing in the Seasonal Variation of the Ocean Thermal Structure

Cited by 14 publications

References 0 publications

A Dynamical Framework for Interpreting Ancient Sea Surface Temperatures

A Dynamical Framework for Interpreting Ancient Sea Surface Temperatures

Physical drivers of chlorophyll variability in the open South China Sea

Modelling sea surface temperature rise resulting from increasing atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations

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