The role of subcortical structures in recited speech: Studies in Parkinson's disease

Abstract

The role of subcortical structures in language function is complex and dependent on language task, with studies increasingly showing subcortical involvement for the production of formulaic language, including recited speech. Individuals with Parkinson's disease (PD), with (n = 6) and without (n = 7) surgical treatment, deep brain stimulation (DBS), were compared to healthy adults (n = 14) to determine whether individuals with subcortical dysfunction produce more errors during a recitation speech task. Participants were asked to recite poems, prayers, and rhymes familiar to them in order to determine the effects of subcortical disease on recited speech ability. When compared with healthy controls, the DBS-OFF group produced significantly more error words, suggesting that deficits in recitation arise with severe states of subcortical dysfunction. Individuals with DBS in the ON or OFF conditions did not differ significantly during the recited speech task. Results support a model of language where large units of overlearned language are at least partially modulated by subcortical structures.

Dysfunctions of the stomatognathic system and vocal aspects in Fahr disease: case report

“…It is noteworthy that despite the distinction of the pathophysiology of the diseases discussed, the functionality of the system is compromised, generating important communicative impact. Thus, it is possible to observe that, according to reports in the literature and the clinical characteristics presented by the patient described, regardless of the type of impairment, speech-language features tend to perform similarly as reported in findings in individuals with Parkinson's disease, and this an important marker for suspecting diseases that do not complete a typical clinical condition of this disease, but that indicate changes in the basal ganglia, such as Fahr's disease (12)(13)(14) . On the basis of these descriptions, one can highlight the importance of the speech-language professional in the accurate evaluation of stomatognathic functions.…”

“…In relation to the functions of the stomatognathic system, diseases that affect this region also affect the orofacial motor functions and the capacity of expressiveness of speech, in addition to vocal aspects, and lead to difficulties in conducting the food bolus because of the change in muscle tone. Among the most studied diseases that affect this system are Parkinson's disease, extensively studied in the Speech-Language Pathology and Audiology field, and, more recently, diseases that result in the degeneration and calcification of the region, such as Fahr's disease (1,12,13) . It is observed that the impairment of brain structures involved in the movement coordination process causes disability in performing combined motor functions, because the integration of motor information does not occur in an orderly manner (13) .…”

“…Among the most studied diseases that affect this system are Parkinson's disease, extensively studied in the Speech-Language Pathology and Audiology field, and, more recently, diseases that result in the degeneration and calcification of the region, such as Fahr's disease (1,12,13) . It is observed that the impairment of brain structures involved in the movement coordination process causes disability in performing combined motor functions, because the integration of motor information does not occur in an orderly manner (13) . Specifically regarding stomatognathic functions, this incoordination is evidently expressed, because all acts depend on a complex combination of many muscles that will perform these functions, especially in swallowing and speech (14) .…”

Discourse Grammar, the dual process model, and brain lateralization: some correlations

“…(Biber et al, 1999 , p. 132) It may not be surprising that the meaning of theticals has been described with reference to notions such as 'subjectifi cation' (cf. the component Attitudes of [ 6 ] For the contribution of subcortical structures to the production of overlearned linguistic material (e.g., recited speech), see Bridges, Van Lancker Sidtis, and Sidtis (2013).…”

The formulaic schema in the minds of two generations of native speakers

“…Further, there were clear cut effects of neurological impairment: left hemisphere damage was associated with a significantly greater proportion of words in formulaic language, while right hemisphere damage showed significantly less (Van Lancker and Postman, 2006). Performance data from the vertical dimension of the brain, comparing cortical (Alzheimer’s disease) with basal ganglia (Parkinson’s disease) impairment, revealed retention of formulaic language in the former and loss in the latter (Bridges and Van Lancker Sidtis, 2013; Bridges, Van Lancker Sidtis and Sidtis, 2013). These studies lead to a model of formulaic language as governed by a right hemisphere-subcortical system (See Van Lancker, 2014, for review).…”