The role of subchondral bone, and its histomorphology, on the dynamic viscoelasticity of cartilage, bone and osteochondral cores

Fell, Natasha L A; Lawless, Bernard; Cox, Sophie C.; Cooke, Megan E.; Eisenstein, Neil; Shepherd, Duncan E.T.; Espino, Daniel M.

doi:10.1016/j.joca.2018.12.006

Cited by 35 publications

(49 citation statements)

References 43 publications

(116 reference statements)

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“…However, there may be a direct effect by the underlying bone on the mechanical characteristics of the overlying articular cartilage [ 15 ]. This has been recently shown by the correlation between BMD and the loss modulus of articular cartilage [ 16 ]. Further, the correlation between the effective cartilage tangent modulus and the Young’s modulus of its underlying substrate, such that damage to cartilage via impact loading has occurred at a decline in effective cartilage and substrate modulus, representing cartilage damage at a lowered BMD [ 17 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 90%

Surface damage of bovine articular cartilage-off-bone: the effect of variations in underlying substrate and frequency

Mahmood

Shepherd

Espino

2018

BMC Musculoskelet Disord

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BackgroundChanges in bone mineral density have been implicated with the onset of osteoarthritis, but its role in inducing failure of articular cartilage mechanically is unclear. This study aimed to determine the effect of substrate density, as the underlying bone, on the surface damage of cartilage-off-bone, at frequencies associated with gait, and above.MethodsBovine articular cartilage samples were tested off-bone to assess induced damage with an indenter under a compressive sinusoidal load range of 5–50 N at frequencies of 1, 10 and 50 Hz, corresponding to normal and above normal gait respectively, for up to 10,000 cycles. Cartilage samples were tested on four underlying substrates with densities of 0.1556, 0.3222, 0.5667 and 0.6000 g/cm3. India ink was applied to identify damage as cracks, measured across their length using ImageJ software. Linear regression was performed to identify if statistical significance existed between substrate density, and surface damage of articular cartilage-off-bone, at all three frequencies investigated (p < 0.05).ResultsSurface damage significantly increased (p < 0.05) with substrate density at 10 Hz of applied frequency. Crack length at this frequency reached the maximum of 10.95 ± 9.12 mm (mean ± standard deviation), across all four substrates tested. Frequencies applied at 1 and 50 Hz failed to show a significant increase (p > 0.05) in surface damage with an increase in substrate density, at which the maximum mean crack length were 3.01 ± 3.41 mm and 5.65 ± 6.54 mm, respectively. Crack formation at all frequencies tended to form at the periphery of the cartilage specimen, with multiple straight-line cracking observed at 10 Hz, in comparison to single straight-line configurations produced at 1 and 50 Hz.ConclusionsThe effect of substrate density on the surface damage of articular cartilage-off-bone is multi-factorial, with an above-normal gait frequency. At 1 Hz cartilage damage is not associated with substrate density, however at 10 Hz, it is. This study has implications on the effects of the factors that contribute to the onset of osteoarthritis.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 90%

Surface damage of bovine articular cartilage-off-bone: the effect of variations in underlying substrate and frequency

Mahmood

Shepherd

Espino

2018

BMC Musculoskelet Disord

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“…From the mechanical viewpoint, the cartilage transmits and distributes loads to the subchondral bone through the soft-to-hard interface during the chronically exposed to high mechanical stress. The underlying subchondral bone is responsible for maintaining the outline shape of articular bone and creating an appropriate biomechanical environment for the differentiation and development of new cartilage ( Goldring and Goldring, 2016 ; Ansari et al, 2019 ; Fell et al, 2019 ). With respect to the biochemistry crosstalk, some small molecules can transit between two layers, and meanwhile the nutrient substance and metabolic waste can be exchanged by interlinked vessels and pores.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biphasic Double-Network Hydrogel With Compartmentalized Loading of Bioactive Glass for Osteochondral Defect Repair

Liu

Zhao

Zhu

et al. 2020

Front. Bioeng. Biotechnol.

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Periarticular injury usually causes the defects of superficial cartilage and the underlying subchondral bone. Although some efficacious outcomes have been achieved by the existing therapeutic methods both in clinics and research, like symptomatic treatment, microfracture surgery, and tissue engineering technology, they still present specific disadvantages and complications. To improve this situation, we designed a biphasic (bi-) scaffold aiming to repair the structure of cartilage and subchondral bone synchronously. The scaffold consisted of a superior double-network (DN) hydrogel layer and a lower bioactive glass (BG) reinforced hydrogel layer, and the DN hydrogel included glycol chitosan (GC) and dibenzaldhyde functionalized poly(ethylene oxide) network, and sodium alginate (Alg) and calcium chloride (CaCl 2 ) network. To investigate its effectiveness, we applied this biphasic scaffold to repair osteochondral full-thickness defects in rabbit models. We set up six observation groups in total, including Untreated group, Microfracture group, BG only group, DN gel group, bi-DN gel group, and bi-DN/TGF-β gel group. With a follow-up period of 24 weeks, we evaluated the treatment effects by gross observation, micro-CT scan and histological staining. Besides, we further fulfilled the quantitative analysis of the data from ICRS score, O’Driscoll score and micro-CT parameters. The results revealed that neat GC/Alg DN hydrogel scaffold was only conductive to promoting cartilage regeneration and neat BG scaffold merely showed the excellent ability to reconstruct subchondral bone. While the biphasic scaffold performed better in repairing osteochondral defect synchronously, exhibiting more well-integrated cartilage-like tissue with positive staining of toluidine blue and col II immunohistochemistry, and more dense trabecular bone connecting closely with the surrounding host bone. Therefore, this method possessed the clinical application potential in treating articular injury, osteochondral degeneration, osteochondral necrosis, and sclerosis.

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“…The iconic pathogenesis of OA involves changes to joint microstructure and mechanical properties, as demonstrated by multiple research studies [27]. It is well known that in the normal knee joint, the spatial arrangement and biochemical characteristics of the subarticular bone and the internal bone trabeculae play an important role in supporting the articular surface in order to maintain its integrity and mechanical stability [28][29][30][31]. A change in microstructure and mechanical properties of the subchondral bone therefore play a critical role in maintaining the surface of the articular cartilage and even in OA.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microstructure and mechanical properties of subchondral bone are negatively regulated by tramadol in osteoarthritis in mice

Liu

Shao

et al. 2020

Bioscience Reports

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Objectives: In the treatment of osteoarthritis (OA), tramadol, a common weak opioid, has become popular due to its effectiveness in inhibition of pain. In this study, we aimed to explore the effect of tramadol on subchondral bone, especially changes in the microstructure and mechanical properties. Methods: A mouse model of OA was established in the present study by destabilization of the medial meniscus (DMM). A vehicle or drug was administered for 4 weeks. Specimens were harvested and analyzed radiologically and histologically using micro-CT, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM) and histological staining to evaluate the knee joints of mice undergoing different forms of intervention. Results: In the early stages of OA induced by DMM, the subchondral bone volume fraction in the OA group was significantly higher than in the sham+vehicle group, while the volume in the treatment groups was lower than in the DMM+vehicle and sham+vehicle groups. In addition, the elastic moduli in the treatment groups clearly decreased compared with the DMM+vehicle and sham+vehicle groups. Observations of the subchondral bone surface by SEM indicated serious destruction, principally manifesting as a decrease in lacunae and more numerous and scattered cracks. Histological staining demonstrated that there was no difference in the degeneration of either the articular cartilage or synovial cells whether tramadol was used or not. Conclusion: Although tramadol is effective in inhibiting pain in early OA, it negatively regulates the microstructure and mechanical properties of subchondral bone in joints.

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The role of subchondral bone, and its histomorphology, on the dynamic viscoelasticity of cartilage, bone and osteochondral cores

Cited by 35 publications

References 43 publications

Surface damage of bovine articular cartilage-off-bone: the effect of variations in underlying substrate and frequency

Surface damage of bovine articular cartilage-off-bone: the effect of variations in underlying substrate and frequency

Biphasic Double-Network Hydrogel With Compartmentalized Loading of Bioactive Glass for Osteochondral Defect Repair

Microstructure and mechanical properties of subchondral bone are negatively regulated by tramadol in osteoarthritis in mice

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