The Role of Stress in Breast Cancer Incidence: Risk Factors, Interventions, and Directions for the Future

Bowen, Deborah J.; Poole, Senaida Fernandez; White, Mary C.; Lyn, Rodney; Flores, Debra A; Haile, Helen Ghirmai; Williams, David R.

doi:10.3390/ijerph18041871

Cited by 22 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 74 publications

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“…Several studies have been attributed associations between stress and cancers, such as prostate [23,24] , breast [25,26] , gastric [27] and lung [28] , suggesting that chronic stress can induce tumorigenesis and promote cancer development.…”

Section: Hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal Axis In Response To Chronic S...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Cortisol Response in Breast Cancer: The Role of Physical Activity and Exercise

Marinho

Rocha-Rodrigues²

2022

j. of Endocrinol. res.

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Chronic stress is a consistent sense of feeling pressured and overwhelmedfor a long period of time and it has been defined as a maladaptive state thatis associated with altered hypothalamic pituitary adrenal (HPA) axis. Thehyperactivity of the HPA axis is commonly assessed by cortisol levels.Physical activity (PA) and exercise have been demonstrated to regulatecortisol patterns in different healthy study populations, but also in BCpatients and survivors. The PA and exercise are related but have distinctconcepts that are commonly misused. Nowadays, the regular practice of PAand exercise has been widely recognized as one main strategy to managechronic stress and its related markers, like cortisol, remains elusive. In thepresent review, the authors focused on the evidence of the PA and exerciseon cortisol patterns of BC patients and survivors.

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Section: Hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal Axis In Response To Chronic S...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Cortisol Response in Breast Cancer: The Role of Physical Activity and Exercise

Marinho

Rocha-Rodrigues²

2022

j. of Endocrinol. res.

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“…Recent data indicate that Arab women develop breast cancer at an early median age of 43–52 years, with an average age of 48 at the time of diagnosis (SD = 2.8) [ 3 ], while the literature has reported a median age of 62 among women from the US [ 4 ]. Furthermore, breast cancer diagnosis occurring at an early age among Arab women may be the result of an interplay between environmental and genetic factors [ 5 ]. A significantly higher risk of mortality exists among Arab women primarily due to the advanced stage of the cancer at the time of diagnosis [ 6 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Breast Cancer Beliefs and Screening Practices among Syrian Refugee Women and Jordanian Women

Atrooz

Aljararwah

Acquati

et al. 2023

IJERPH

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Despite significant declines in breast cancer (BC) incidence in the West, this disease is widespread in Jordan, where cancer detection occurs at much advanced stages. This is particularly concerning for Syrian refugee women resettled in Jordan, who are less likely to undergo cancer preventative procedures because of poor health literacy and lack of health services access. The present work assesses and compares breast cancer awareness and breast cancer screening behaviors among Syrian refugee women and Jordanian women residing close to the Syrian–Jordanian border city of Ar-Ramtha. A cross-sectional survey was conducted using a validated Arabic version of the Breast Cancer Screening Beliefs Questionnaire (BCSBQ). A total of 138 Syrian refugee women and 160 Jordanian women participated in the study. Results indicate that 93.6% of Syrian refugee women and Jordanian women ≥ 40 years of age reported never having undergone a mammogram. Syrian refugee women and Jordanian women reported low attitudes toward general health checkup (mean score for Syrian refugees 45.6 vs. 42.04 among Jordan women; p = 0.150). Barriers for BC screening were higher among Syrian refugees (mean score = 56.43) than Jordanian women (mean score = 61.99, p = 0.006). Women with higher education were more likely to report fewer barriers to screening (p = 0.027). The study documents a significant lack of BC screening awareness among Syrian refugee women and Jordanian women, indicating that future work is needed to alter current attitudes towards mammograms and early detection measures especially for Syrian refugee women and Jordanian women residing in rural areas of Jordan.

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“…Overeating, physical inactivity, smoking, and heavy drinking are all lifestyle factors that increase cancer risk [6]. However, the past epidemiological studies have been mixed and tend to be null [7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14]. These inconsistent results may be partly attributable to the difficulty of quantifying chronic stress objectively and biologically meaningfully.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association of Allostatic Load and All Cancer Risk in the SWAN Cohort

Shen

Fuemmeler

Guan

et al. 2022

Cancers

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Elevated chronic stress is thought to increase cancer risk, though the results so far have been inconsistent. In this study, we assessed the relationship between allostatic load (AL), a biological indicator of chronic stress, and overall cancer risk in 3015 women who participated in the Study of Women’s Health Across the Nation (SWAN). Based on the distribution of AL, the study population was categorized into four groups, from the lowest (1st category) to the highest AL group (4th category). At baseline, African American and Hispanic women were more likely to be in the higher AL categories than White women (p < 0.001). In addition, women who smoked regularly, drank alcohol regularly, had no leisure physical activity, and had restless sleep were also more likely to be in the higher AL categories than their relative counterparts (p < 0.001). We also observed that women in the lower-income category with no health insurance were more likely to be in the higher AL category (p < 0.001). The study then found that women in the 4th category of AL (the highest AL group) had a 1.64-fold increased risk of overall cancer (Hazard ratio (HR): 1.64, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.04, 2.59). The risk association was further strengthened after adjusting demographics, healthy behaviors, and socioeconomic factors with an HR of 2.08. In further analysis of individual biomarkers of AL score, we found that higher levels of triglyceride and CRP were associated with increased risk of cancer, highlighting the role of metabolic dysfunction and inflammation in the etiology of cancer development. In summary, we report that higher AL is associated with increased cancer risk.

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The Role of Stress in Breast Cancer Incidence: Risk Factors, Interventions, and Directions for the Future

Cited by 22 publications

References 74 publications

Cortisol Response in Breast Cancer: The Role of Physical Activity and Exercise

Cortisol Response in Breast Cancer: The Role of Physical Activity and Exercise

Breast Cancer Beliefs and Screening Practices among Syrian Refugee Women and Jordanian Women

Association of Allostatic Load and All Cancer Risk in the SWAN Cohort

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