The role of stress coping strategies for life impairments in ADHD

Barra, Steffen; Grüb, A.; Roesler, Michael; Retz-Junginger, Petra; Philipp, Florence; Retz, Wolfgang

doi:10.1007/s00702-021-02311-5

Cited by 11 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…The presence of current ADHD symptoms was assessed using the ADHD-SB questionnaire (ADHD-SB,[ 45 ], which is an instrument based on the ICD-10 research criteria and the diagnostic criteria according to DSM-IV. Since relevant information about the severity of the psychiatric impairments goes missing using categorical representations and because previous studies claimed subclinical ADHS should also be included in research [ 35 ], we chose a dimensional approach and applied the sum scores of both WURS-k and ADHD-SB to calculate the incremental predictive validity of the ADHD symptomology beyond the VRAG-R risk assessments (e.g., [ 6 ].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The predictive and incremental validity of ADHD beyond the VRAG-R in a high-risk sample of young offenders

Hertz

Müller

Barra³

et al. 2021

Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci

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The VRAG-R is a well-established actuarial risk-assessment instrument, which was originally developed for assessing violent recidivism risk in adult male offenders. Whether or not the VRAG-R can also predict violent recidivism in young offenders is unclear so far. In the emergence of juvenile offending, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) seems to be of major importance suggesting that it could be relevant for risk assessment as well. Thus, we examined the predictive accuracy of the VRAG-R in a high-risk sample of N = 106 (M = 18.3 years, SD = 1.8) young offenders and assessed the incremental predictive validity of ADHD symptomatology beyond the VRAG-R. Within a mean follow-up time of M = 13 years (SD = 1.2), n = 65 (62.5%) young offenders recidivated with a violent offense. We found large effect sizes for the prediction of violent and general recidivism and re-incarcerations using the VRAG-R sum scores. Current ADHD symptomatology added incremental predictive validity beyond the VRAG-R sum scores concerning the prediction of general recidivism but not of violent recidivism. The results supported the use of the VRAG-R for predicting violent recidivism in young offenders. Because ADHD symptomatology improves the predictive performance of the VRAG-R regarding general recidivism, we argue that addressing ADHD symptoms more intensively in the juvenile justice system is of particular importance concerning a successful long-term risk management in adolescents and young adults.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The predictive and incremental validity of ADHD beyond the VRAG-R in a high-risk sample of young offenders

Hertz

Müller

Barra³

et al. 2021

Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci

Self Cite

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“…In conclusion, this study has shown that ADHD symptoms are associated with higher odds for stress and that in turn, stress is an important factor in the association between ADHD symptoms and suicidal ideation. As there is some indication that individuals with ADHD/ADHD symptoms may use maladaptive coping strategies in response to stressful situations ( 63 ), some of which may be linked to increased life impairments ( 64 ), then the results of this study underscore the importance of identifying sources of stress in this population and of both developing and fostering the use of stress management techniques ( 65 ) and adaptive stress coping strategies ( 64 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 93%

Attention–deficit/hyperactivity disorder symptoms, perceived stress, and suicidal ideation during the COVID-19 pandemic

et al. 2022

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ObjectiveAttention–deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) symptoms have been linked to suicidal behavior. However, little is known about the mechanisms involved in this association. This study examined ADHD symptoms and suicidal ideation during the COVID-19 pandemic and the role of self–perceived stress in this association.MethodData were analyzed from an online sample of 1,452 Japanese individuals aged 18 to 89 obtained in February 2021. Information was collected on past–year suicidal ideation. ADHD symptoms were assessed with the Adult ADHD Self–Report Scale (ASRS) Screener while stress was measured with the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS−14). Depressive symptoms were assessed with the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ−9), while the Generalized Anxiety Disorder scale (GAD−7) was used to assess anxiety symptoms. Logistic regression was used to examine associations.ResultsFifty–one (3.5%) individuals had ADHD symptoms, while more than one in ten (11.7%) of the respondents reported past–year suicidal ideation. In an analysis adjusted for sociodemographic factors, ADHD symptoms were associated with eight times higher odds for past–year suicidal ideation. However, adjusting the analysis for mental health variables (anxiety and depressive symptoms) attenuated the association which became non–significant (odds ratio [OR]: 1.96, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.92–4.18). In contrast, in an analysis adjusted for mental health, individuals with ADHD symptoms and stress had significantly higher odds for suicidal ideation (OR: 3.72, 95%CI: 1.43–9.67) whereas, ADHD symptoms without stress were not linked to suicidal ideation (OR: 1.25, 95%CI: 0.38–4.18).ConclusionsSelf–perceived stress is important in the association between ADHD symptoms and suicidal ideation among individuals in Japan during the COVID-19 pandemic. Detecting and managing stress and its effects in individuals with ADHD/ADHD symptoms should be a therapeutic focus for improving health–related outcomes in this population both during the COVID-19 pandemic and beyond.

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“…Therefore, the changes in the magnitude of RSA with exposure to stress may provide significant information regarding an individual’s behavioral and physiological flexibility to stress (Gentzler et al, 2009; Porges, 1995). Of concern, ADHD patients are more prone for using maladaptive stress coping measures (Barra et al, 2021).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The flexibility for adaptation to stress for an individual has been found to reflect through the prompt removal of the parasympathetic brake upon presentation of cognitive stress (Gentzler et al, 2009;Schwerdtfeger, 2012). Therefore, the changes in the magnitude of RSA with exposure to stress may provide significant information regarding an individual's behavioral and physiological flexibility to stress (Gentzler et al, 2009;Porges, 1995).Of concern, ADHD patients are more prone for using maladaptive stress coping measures (Barra et al, 2021).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Autonomic Correlates of Letter Cancelation Task: What the Attention Load May Evoke?

et al. 2023

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Objective: Attention can be assessed through Letter cancelation tasks (LCT) that employ visuospatial selection and appropriate motor responses. We examined the performance in the LCT with increasing attention load, and determined the related autonomic changes. Methods: Autonomic parameters were estimated in healthy males at baseline and during three different cognitive load conditions using the LCT. Results: Results revealed a statistically significant difference ( n = 30) in the percent accuracy (∑(2) = 15.2, p < .001) and percent omission (∑2(2) = 13.3, p = 0.001) with the increasing challenge in the LCT. The vagally-mediated measures of heart rate variability were significantly decreased with the commencement of the task revealing a parasympathetic withdrawal. The respiratory sinus arrythmia was decreased, and the photoplethysmography amplitude was significantly reduced (∑2(3) = 14.2, p = 0.003) as the attention demand increased. Conclusion: The performance declined with the increasing attention load. LCT evokes autonomic perturbations though overall autonomic variability does not change remarkably.

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The role of stress coping strategies for life impairments in ADHD

Cited by 11 publications

References 45 publications

The predictive and incremental validity of ADHD beyond the VRAG-R in a high-risk sample of young offenders

The predictive and incremental validity of ADHD beyond the VRAG-R in a high-risk sample of young offenders

Attention–deficit/hyperactivity disorder symptoms, perceived stress, and suicidal ideation during the COVID-19 pandemic

Autonomic Correlates of Letter Cancelation Task: What the Attention Load May Evoke?

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