The role of Staphylococcus aureus in atopic dermatitis: microbiological and immunological implications

Tomczak, Hanna; Wróbel, Joanna; Jenerowicz, Dorota; Sadowska‐Przytocka, Anna; Wachal, Magda; Adamski, Zygmunt; Czarnecka‐Operacz, Magdalena

doi:10.5114/ada.2018.77056

Cited by 27 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…Beyond its role in maintaining the homeostasis of the skin’s microbiome, C. acnes may become “pathogenic” for the skin. It has long been implicated in the pathogenesis of acne 29 . An unbalancing in the bacterial population, including C. acnes and S. aureus has been also recently reported in other skin conditions such as seborrheic dermatitis 30 , psoriasis, and rosacea 31 , and alopecia 32 – 35 .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of commonly used cosmetic preservatives on skin resident microflora dynamics

Pinto¹,

Ciardiello²,

Franzoni³

et al. 2021

Sci Rep

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Human skin is populated by various microorganisms, the so-called microbiota, such as bacteria, viruses, yeasts, fungi, and archaea. The skin microbiota is in constant contact with the surrounding environment which can alter its eubiotic state. Recently it has been also observed that the application of cosmetic products can alter the balance of the skin microbiota. This effect may be attributed to many factors including the residual activity of the preservatives on the skin. In the present work, we studied the effect of eleven preservatives commonly found in cosmetic products on Propionibacterium acnes, Staphylococcus epidermidis, and Staphylococcus aureus in vitro using 3D skin models and culture-dependent methods. Also, the effect on Histone deacetylase 3 (HDAC3) has been investigated. Among tested combinations, three resulted as the best suitable for restoring a pre-existing dysbiosis since they act moderately inhibiting C. acnes and strongly S. aureus without simultaneously inhibiting the growth of S. epidermidis. The other four combinations resulted as the best suitable for use in topical products for skin and scalp in which it is necessary to preserve the eubiosis of the microbiota. Some of the tested were also able to increase HDAC3 expression. Taking together these data highlight the role of preservatives of skin resident microflora dynamics and could provide a reference for correctly choice preservatives and dosage in cosmetic formulations to preserve or restore homeostasis of skin microbiota.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of commonly used cosmetic preservatives on skin resident microflora dynamics

Pinto¹,

Ciardiello²,

Franzoni³

et al. 2021

Sci Rep

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“…Moreover, the concentration of IgE increased further when the mouse backs were painted with S. aureus SA-1 ( Figure 5 b). It has been reported that various toxins produced by S. aureus induce IgE expression [ 15 , 16 ]. Treatment with phage SaGU1 significantly decreased the plasma levels of IgE by 53% in S. aureus -painted mice.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Staphylococcal Phage in Combination with Staphylococcus epidermidis as a Potential Treatment for Staphylococcus aureus-Associated Atopic Dermatitis and Suppressor of Phage-Resistant Mutants

Shimamori

Mitsunaka

Yamashita

et al. 2020

Viruses

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Atopic dermatitis is accompanied by the abnormal overgrowth of Staphylococcus aureus, a common cause of skin infections and an opportunistic pathogen. Although administration of antibiotics is effective against S. aureus, the resulting reduction in healthy microbiota and the emergence of drug-resistant bacteria are of concern. We propose that phage therapy can be an effective strategy to treat atopic dermatitis without perturbing the microbiota structure. In this study, we examined whether the S. aureus phage SaGU1 could be a tool to counteract the atopic exacerbation induced by S. aureus using an atopic mouse model. Administration of SaGU1 to the back skin of mice reduced both S. aureus counts and the disease exacerbation caused by S. aureus. Furthermore, the S. aureus-mediated exacerbation of atopic dermatitis with respect to IgE plasma concentration and histopathological findings was ameliorated by the application of SaGU1. We also found that Staphylococcus epidermidis, a typical epidermal symbiont in healthy skin, significantly attenuated the emergence of SaGU1-resistant S. aureus under co-culture with S. aureus and S. epidermidis in liquid culture infection experiments. Our results suggest that phage therapy using SaGU1 could be a promising clinical treatment for atopic dermatitis.

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“…aureus was related to higher total IgE serum levels, which correlated with disease course. Additionally, significantly increased staphylococcal enterotoxin A‐specific IgE and staphylococcal enterotoxin B‐specific IgE concentrations were observed in AD patients with higher total IgE serum concentrations 80,81 …”

Section: Cutaneous Infections In the Pathogenesis Of Admentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Additionally, significantly increased staphylococcal enterotoxin A-specific IgE and staphylococcal enterotoxin B-specific IgE concentrations were observed in AD patients with higher total IgE serum concentrations. 80,81 Decreased expression of antimicrobial peptides (AMPs), such as human β-defensins (hBDs), cathelicidin LL-37 and dermcidin, has been documented in AD lesional skin compared with psoriasis, a skin condition also characterized by an impaired skin barrier. 82,83 The observation that patients with psoriasis do not show frequent staphylococcal infections compared with AD patients is in part explained by high production of AMPs in psoriasis and low production of these molecules in AD.…”

Section: The Role Of Bacteriamentioning

confidence: 99%

Exogenous factors in the pathogenesis of atopic dermatitis: Irritants and cutaneous infections

Yue

Umehara

Trujillo-Paez

et al. 2021

Clin Experimental Allergy

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Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic relapsing inflammatory cutaneous disease that is often associated with other atopic symptoms, such as food allergy, allergic rhinitis and asthma, leading to significant morbidity and healthcare costs. The pathogenesis of AD is complicated and multifactorial. Although the aetiology of AD remains incompletely understood, recent studies have provided further insight into AD pathophysiology, demonstrating that the interaction among genetic predisposition, immune dysfunction and environmental provocation factors contributes to its development. However, the increasing prevalence of AD suggests that environmental factors such as irritation and cutaneous infection play a crucial role in triggering and/or aggravating the disease. Of note, AD skin is susceptible to bacterial, fungal and viral infections, and microorganisms may colonize the skin and aggravate AD symptoms. Overall, understanding the mechanisms by which these risk factors affect the cutaneous immunity of patients with AD is of great importance for developing a precision medicine approach for treatment. This review summarizes recent developments in exogenous factors involved in the pathogenesis of AD, with special emphasis on irritants and microbial infections.

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The role of Staphylococcus aureus in atopic dermatitis: microbiological and immunological implications

Cited by 27 publications

References 24 publications

Effect of commonly used cosmetic preservatives on skin resident microflora dynamics

Effect of commonly used cosmetic preservatives on skin resident microflora dynamics

Staphylococcal Phage in Combination with Staphylococcus epidermidis as a Potential Treatment for Staphylococcus aureus-Associated Atopic Dermatitis and Suppressor of Phage-Resistant Mutants

Exogenous factors in the pathogenesis of atopic dermatitis: Irritants and cutaneous infections

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