The role of stabilized gas nuclei in hydrodynamic cavitation inception

Abstract

Experiments on the initiation of cavitation in denucleated liquids in a tension manometer are described. It was found that gas nuclei, probably stabilized by the hydrophobic crevice mechanism postulated by Harvey, exist in water but in none of the organic liquids tested. Consequently it appears that stabilized gas nuclei cannot play an essential part in hydrodynamic cavitation, which can readily occur through the generation of nuclei ab initio by certain forms of mechanical action operating through some molecular mechanism which is not yet understood.

The formation of dry zones in the sapwood of conifers II. The role of living cells in the release of water

“…The meniscus is reversed on such surfaces so that internal pressure is reduced, allowing bubbles to form and grow. This theory is supported by recent experimental evidence (HAYWARD 1970).…”

Study on cavitation inception in hydraulic oil flow through a long two-dimensional constriction

“…(a) free bubbles in the stream, (b) gas held in a crevice on a small solid particle and (c) gas trapped in a crevice on a solid wall [1][2][3][4].…”

“…In fact it is not the present authors alone who have expressed this kind of idea which goes against the traditional viewpoint. Some 30 years ago, Hayward [2] concluded through the measurements of tensile strength for various liquids that it is doubtful whether stabilized gas nuclei can exist in liquids other than water.…”

“…The present authors, however, are not the only researchers who have had unusual ideas about the cavitation mechanism. In fact, Hayward made the following statement in his paper [2]: 'Cavitation in organic liquids originates by the generation of nuclei ab initio through some stress-concentration effect whose exact nature is not yet understood. ' The proposal of the present hypothesis is just the first step in an attempt to seek a thorough explanation of all the experimental facts concerning hydraulic oil cavitation, where traditional theory cannot meet these requirements.…”

Cavitation in water: a review

“…As Reynolds used a 2.3 m-long tube wetted with water before being filled with mercury, he obtained the most negative pressure for water with this method: −0.3 MPa [48]. Hayward, who thought that the method was invented by Donny [23], re-used it to study different liquids [51].…”