The role of solvents in the lives of Kenyan street children: an ethnographic perspective

Cottrell-Boyce, Joe

doi:10.4314/ajdas.v9i2.64142

Cited by 12 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 8 publications

(6 reference statements)

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“…Postelection violence, rapid urbanization, abject poverty, and HIV/AIDS have contributed to the existence of children on the streets of Eldoret (Ayaya & Esamai, 2001; Ayuku, Ettyang, & Odero, 2004; Ayuku et al, 2003; Cottrell-Boyce, 2010). Street children in Eldoret were first reported in 1989, with numbers increasing substantially around 1991–1992 and 2007–2008 in the wake of postelection violence due to internal displacement that resulted in large numbers of families migrating into impoverished urban slums surrounding the town (Ayaya & Esamai, 2001; Ayuku, Kaplan, et al, 2004; Cottrell-Boyce, 2010).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Street children in Eldoret were first reported in 1989, with numbers increasing substantially around 1991–1992 and 2007–2008 in the wake of postelection violence due to internal displacement that resulted in large numbers of families migrating into impoverished urban slums surrounding the town (Ayaya & Esamai, 2001; Ayuku, Kaplan, et al, 2004; Cottrell-Boyce, 2010). Displacement for many families resulted in loss of property, thereby leaving them destitute (Ayuku, Kaplan, et al, 2004).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Knowledge, Attitudes, and Substance Use Practices Among Street Children in Western Kenya

Embleton¹,

Ayuku²,

Atwoli³

et al. 2012

Substance Use & Misuse

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The study describes the knowledge of and attitudes toward substance use among street-involved youth in Kenya, and how they relate to their substance use practices. In 2011, 146 children and youth ages 10–19 years, classified as either children on the street or children of the street were recruited to participate in a cross-sectional survey in Eldoret, Kenya. Bivariate analysis using χ2 or Fisher’s Exact Test was used to test the associations between variables, and multiple logistic regression analysis was used to identify independent covariates associated with lifetime and current drug use. The study’s limitations and source of funding are noted.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Knowledge, Attitudes, and Substance Use Practices Among Street Children in Western Kenya

Embleton¹,

Ayuku²,

Atwoli³

et al. 2012

Substance Use & Misuse

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“…We propose that this may be a conscious effort by the older street members to prepare the new SCCY for the harsh reality of street life. Unfortunately, it presents additional health risks [16] including drug addiction [16–18] and mental health disorders [20]. …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Hence, they rely on their street networks to provide them with the physical, psychological, and social support they would have otherwise received from their families [7, 8, 12]. Unfortunately, these social networks as well as the hostile street environment, promote early sexual practices [13–16], physical abuse, and drug and alcohol use [16–18], as coping mechanisms. This makes street connected children and youth (SCCY) a highly vulnerable group.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In our effort to understand the sexual behaviors of SCCY we uncovered the importance of initiation processes for boys and girls into the street community and that they played a key role in their overall wellbeing and socialization into street culture. There are very few studies in Kenya that have sought to understand what SCCY go through before they are fully accepted into the street community [8, 18]. Understanding these ‘rites of passage’ will inform the development of programs that can be responsive and appropriate to the lives of SCCY, whether through harm reduction or reintegration into the society.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Initiation to street life: a qualitative examination of the physical, social, and psychological practices in becoming an accepted member of the street youth community in Western Kenya

et al. 2015

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BackgroundThe objective of this study was to describe the physical, social, and psychological initiation practices of street connected children and youths, in Eldoret, western Kenya.MethodsThis qualitative study was conducted from August 2013 to February 2014. A total of 65 SCCY aged 11–24 years were purposively sampled from the three referral points: 1) A dedicated study clinic for vulnerable children and youth at Moi Teaching and Referral Hospital (MTRH); 2) Primary locations in which street children reside “bases/barracks”; 3) Street youth community-based organizations. In-depth interviews and focus group discussions were used to collect data. All data were audio recorded, transcribed, translated to English, and a content analysis performed.ResultsThe overall median age was 18 years (IQR 14–20.5 years) and 69.2 % of participants were male. None had gone beyond primary level of education. The majority (81.5 %) reported to be sexually active. The street community had well-defined structures and rules that were protective of members and ensured survival on the streets. To be fully accepted children had to go through an initiation ritual that had important gender differences. Common rituals between males and females included interrogation, smearing of black soot, and payment of tax. Ritual practices unique to boys were physical abuse, theft of personal possessions, volatile substance use, being forced to eat garbage, and sodomy among the physically weak. Rituals unique to girls were being forced to ‘become a wife or sexual partner’, rape, and gang rape. Physical and psychological abuse during initiation was normalized and there were no clear mechanisms of dealing with these forms of abuse.ConclusionThere were important gender differences in the initiation practices of SCCY. Normalization of physical and psychological abuse during initiation contributes to the high health risks faced by these SCCY. Appropriate interventions need to be developed in collaboration with SCCY.

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Life Experiences of Children Living on Streets in Kenya: from the Pot into the Fire

Sitienei

Pillay

2018

Journ Child Adol Trauma

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This qualitative study explored life experiences of children living on the streets in Eldoret, Kenya. A total of 15 children (males = 60% and females = 40%; aged 6 to 18 years) took part in the study. The authors thematically analyzed data collected through individual interviews to explore life at their homes which resulted in them living on the streets and life on the streets itself. Implications are further discussed, and the authors propose that affirmative action is needed to strengthen families so that children could be rescued from the streets and be reintegrated into their families.

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The role of solvents in the lives of Kenyan street children: an ethnographic perspective

Cited by 12 publications

References 8 publications

Knowledge, Attitudes, and Substance Use Practices Among Street Children in Western Kenya

Knowledge, Attitudes, and Substance Use Practices Among Street Children in Western Kenya

Initiation to street life: a qualitative examination of the physical, social, and psychological practices in becoming an accepted member of the street youth community in Western Kenya

Life Experiences of Children Living on Streets in Kenya: from the Pot into the Fire

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