The role of social capital and community belongingness for exercise adherence: An exploratory study of the CrossFit gym model

Whiteman-Sandland, Jessica; Hawkins, Jemma; Clayton, Debbie

doi:10.1177/1359105316664132

Cited by 66 publications

(65 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…In 2014, the number of publications more than doubled as compared with the previous 2 years, with a total of 7 manuscripts [34][35][36][37][38][39][40], and that number again doubled in 2015, with 14 articles [3,6,9,[41][42][43][44][45][46][47][48][49][50][51]. the number of papers rose to 22 in 2016 , equalled 24 in 2017 [4,, and increased to 30 at the time of this writing in october, 2018 [2,7,. As mentioned, as a result of some controversy surrounding several investigators [125][126][127], our analysis did not include 2 articles published in 2013 and in 2014, which were retracted in 2017.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Whiteman-Sandland et al [2] examined the role of social capital and community among crossFit participants and demonstrated that those engaged in cross-Fit training were more likely to bond with others and had a greater sense of community belongingness compared with more traditional gym members. Nonetheless, the authors were unable to show that this sense of belongingness was a significant predictor of attendance, suggesting that social capital and community belongingness did not increase adherence among their study participants.…”

Section: Psychological Measuresmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As a form of high-intensity functional training (HIFt), crossFit training has grown in popularity throughout the world, with the number of crossFit gyms, or 'boxes,' increasing exponentially over the last decade and equalling over 14,000 worldwide today [1,2]. cross-Fit training began as a unique training activity, originally created by Greg Glassman in california, in the mid 1990's, and offers participants an opportunity for self-improvement and reinvention of the body and of one's identity [3,4].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A content analysis of the high-intensity functional training literature: a look at the past and directions for the future

Feito¹,

Brown²,

Olmos³

2019

Hum Mov.

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Purpose. As a form of high-intensity functional training (HIFt), crossFit training has grown in popularity over the last decade. the aim of this analysis is to provide researchers with a tool to further guide scientific inquiry in this area of research. Methods. Even though systematic reviews and meta-analyses are preferred when analysing and synthesizing large numbers of scientific studies, the current literature on crossFit training is scarce. therefore, we used a content analysis approach to (1) review the literature on the topic; (2) synthesize the available research and examine the most popular issues, trends, and methodologies used; and (3) present an overall state of the literature and propose potential directions for future research. Results. A total of 104 studies related to HIFt and crossFit training were identified. these were published between 2007 and 2018 in 15 different countries, in 69 journals. the analysis referred to 6 main themes: (1) publication year, (2) country of research, (3) the peer-review journals publishing this type of research, (4) topical areas primarily studied, (5) research design, and (6) characteristics of individuals involved in this training modality. Conclusions. to our knowledge, this is the first study to provide a content analysis of the available literature on HIFt and crossFit training. the literature contributed significantly to the development of HIFt concepts, yet additional studies are needed to elucidate how HIFt/crossFit training may differ from more traditional training programs. Hopefully, our study will facilitate collaboration among scholars interested in HIFt modalities.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Psychological Measuresmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A content analysis of the high-intensity functional training literature: a look at the past and directions for the future

Feito¹,

Brown²,

Olmos³

2019

Hum Mov.

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“…Physical benefits related to high-intensity interval training 8,24 and a sense of community have led CrossFit to an unprecedented level of global popularity. 39 CrossFit is a strength and conditioning exercise program with constantly varied multiarticular functional movements and high-intensity intermittent exercise sessions designed to improve fitness and health. 16,31 One of the most distinctive elements of CrossFit is that its exercises are multifaceted; that is, activities can include weight lifting, gymnastics, running, biking, plyometric training, and rowing.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…3 The prevalence of CrossFitrelated musculoskeletal injuries (CRMIs) has been found to range from 19.4% to 73.5% in periods of time between 6 and 18 months, while the incidence of CRMIs has been estimated to vary from 2.1 to 3.1 injuries per 1000 hours of exposure. 12,17,[26][27][28]34,39 However, most of these previous studies used a retrospective design, which hampers conclusions on incidence estimates. 17,26,27,34,38 Prospective studies are considered the most appropriate design for studying the incidence of health-related conditions, 32,40 including sports injuries.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

CrossFit and the Epidemiology of Musculoskeletal Injuries: A Prospective 12-Week Cohort Study

Szeles

Costa

Cunha

et al. 2020

Orthopaedic Journal of Sports Medicine

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Background: Despite the increasing international popularity of CrossFit, there is a paucity of scientific evidence on the risk of CrossFit-related musculoskeletal injuries (CRMIs). Purpose: To investigate the incidence (cumulative incidence proportion [IP] and incidence density [ID]) of CRMIs and the association of CRMIs with personal and training characteristics. Study Design: Descriptive epidemiology study. Methods: A prospective, 12-week descriptive epidemiology cohort study was conducted in a convenience sample of CrossFit facilities in a single Brazilian city. Printed baseline questionnaires were distributed to 13 CrossFit boxes. All participants who filled out the questionnaire and consented to participate in the study were invited to respond to an online follow-up questionnaire every 2 weeks to collect data on CrossFit training characteristics and CRMIs. A CRMI was defined as any self-reported musculoskeletal injury or pain that prevented an athlete from exercising for at least 1 day. The IP was defined as the number of new cases divided by the entire population at risk, while the ID was defined as new events divided by the total person-time exposure in hours. Logistic mixed models were developed to investigate the association of CRMIs with personal and training characteristics. Results: A total of 515 CrossFit participants filled out the baseline questionnaire and provided informed consent, and 406 (78.8%) completed at least 1 follow-up measure. There were 133 participants who reported at least 1 CRMI during the study, and a total of 247 unique and new CRMIs were reported over a total estimated person-time exposure to CrossFit of 13,041 hours. The IP was 32.8% (95% CI, 28.4%-37.5%). The ID was 18.9 (95% CI, 16.6-21.3) per 1000 hours of CrossFit exposure. The shoulders (19.0%; n = 47) and lumbar spine (15.0%; n = 37) were most affected. Muscle injuries (45.3%; n = 112) and joint pain (24.7%; n = 61) were the most common CRMI types reported. Switching between prescribed and scaled down training loads (odds ratio [OR], 3.5 [95% CI, 1.7-7.3]) and previous injuries (OR, 3.2 [95% CI, 1.4-7.7]) were risk factors for a CRMI, while CrossFit experience was identified as a protective factor (OR, 0.7 [95% CI, 0.5-1.0]). Conclusion: In this 12-week prospective study, the ID was 18.9 CRMIs per 1000 hours of exposure; switching between training loads and previous injuries was associated with 3.5- and 3.2-fold higher odds, respectively, of sustaining CRMIs.

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Impact on habitual crossfit participant's exercise behavior, health, and well‐being: A cross‐sectional survey of UK COVID‐19 lockdowns

Redwood-Brown

Wilson

Felton

2023

Health Science Reports

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Background and Aims: The period between March 2020 and March 2021 saw an unprecedented change to everyday life due to the COVID-19 pandemic. This included the closure of businesses in the health and fitness sector. Such closures impacted people in several ways; increasing stress, reducing mental well-being, and decreasing motivation to exercise. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of UK lockdowns on the behavior, motives, and general health & well-being of CrossFit™ gym members in the United Kingdom. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted on 757 CrossFit™ participants (height 1.71 ± 0.10 m; weight 76.4 ± 16.1 kg; body mass index [BMI]: 26.1 ± 4.7 kg/m²) using an online survey, which included questions pertaining to COVID-19, lockdown behaviors, motivation, health, and well-being. Participants also reported on their training background and exercise habits during lockdown restrictions.Results: Differences were observed in levels of exercise (p = 0.004), motivation to train at home (p < 0.001), and the feeling of being more stressed during the second lockdown compared with the first lockdown (p = 0.008). It was also highlighted that motivation to exercise was lower and stress levels significantly higher, in the 18-24 and 25-34 age groups compared with older ages groups. Conclusion:This study found that exercise behavior, motivation, and stress levels were significantly impacted by the second government-imposed lockdown. It is argued that these factors need to be addressed in planning for future National lockdowns to maintain the health and well-being of UK residents, especially in younger adults.

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The role of social capital and community belongingness for exercise adherence: An exploratory study of the CrossFit gym model

Cited by 66 publications

References 33 publications

A content analysis of the high-intensity functional training literature: a look at the past and directions for the future

A content analysis of the high-intensity functional training literature: a look at the past and directions for the future

CrossFit and the Epidemiology of Musculoskeletal Injuries: A Prospective 12-Week Cohort Study

Impact on habitual crossfit participant's exercise behavior, health, and well‐being: A cross‐sectional survey of UK COVID‐19 lockdowns

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