The Role of Social Capital in Shaping Policy Non-compliance for Chhaupadi Practice in Nepal

Jun, Miyang; Jang, Ikhyun

doi:10.14431/aw.2018.09.34.3.47

Cited by 6 publications

(7 citation statements)

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“…Bam (2020), Jun and Jang (2018), and Ranabhat et al (2015) used surveys focused on the prevalence of the chhaupadi . The number of participants ranged from 88 to 672 in the surveys.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Chhaupadi practice in Nepal: A literature review

Joshi

2022

World Med & Health Policy

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Chhaupadi is a cultural practice where women are considered untouchable and forced to stay in separate huts during menstruation and child‐birth. There is limited evidence on the practice's causes and effects, and the objective of the current systematic literature review is to fill this important gap. The studies included in the review (n = 18) capture the experiences of women in far‐ and mid‐west districts in Nepal. Despite chhaupadi's criminalization by the government, 70%–80% of women in western Nepal are forced to practice it. The primary concern of the practicing women is safety. The practice is rooted in religious norms that consider menstruating women impure. Communities enforce chhaupadi by creating an environment of fear, telling women that if they do not follow the restrictions, bad things would happen to their families. A few studies examined the health implications of staying in chhaupadi huts and found negative effects. However, additional research is needed in a number of areas including on how the practice—including having to share sleeping quarters with animals—affects women and children's physical and mental health, childbirth experience, and post‐natal care, and how women are navigating the path between the community that forces them to practice chhaupadi and criminalization of the practice by the state.

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“…Bam (2020), Jun and Jang (2018), and Ranabhat et al (2015) used surveys focused on the prevalence of the chhaupadi . The number of participants ranged from 88 to 672 in the surveys.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Most studies focused on the chhaupadi practice during monthly menstruation; only two explored the practice during child-birth. Bam (2020), Jun andJang (2018), andRanabhat et al (2015) used surveys focused on the prevalence of the chhaupadi. The number of participants ranged from 88 to 672 in the surveys.…”

Section: Study Characteristicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chhaupadi practice in Nepal: A literature review

Joshi

2022

World Med & Health Policy

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“…The menstrual taboo is generally believed to be rooted in Hinduism and is often characterized as social control over a woman’s body and behaviour that is interwoven in complex ways with religious beliefs [ 2 , 16 ]. In this view, religious leaders and traditional healers often raise their voices against community activities that are aimed towards changing the menstrual taboo.…”

Section: Main Textmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…We did not follow a systematic process but based the review on general topic-related keyword search (e.g., "chhaupadi", "menstrual health interventions", "menstruation management intervention", "menstruation management programme", "menstrual restrictions", "menstrual stigma", "menstrual taboo") on PubMed, Google Scholar and official websites of non-governmental organizations implementing programmes and interventions to address menstrual taboo in Nepal. Altogether seven programme or news reports [5][6][7][11][12][13][14] and six peerreviewed papers [1,2,9,10,15,16] explaining menstrual taboo and/or menstrual management interventions were included in the review. We also looked for additional relevant programme reports and peer-reviewed papers [4,8,[17][18][19][20][21][22] to consider implementation perspectives on how the effectiveness of the interventions can be enhanced.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

‘Menstruation means impurity’: multilevel interventions are needed to break the menstrual taboo in Nepal

Thapa

Aro

2021

BMC Women's Health

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Background During their menstrual period, women are generally considered impure in Nepal; in the rural areas of the western part of the country, they are even banished to stay in sheds (called chhaupadi) during this time, which increases their vulnerability to a variety of health consequences. There is lack of clarity regarding the effectiveness of interventions that have been implemented to address menstrual taboo and improve menstrual hygiene and practices in Nepal (e.g., public awareness, community sensitization and legislation). In this paper, we discuss why menstruation management interventions, particularly those implemented to change the menstrual taboo might not work, and the opinions and experiences regarding the implementation of such interventions. Main text Anecdotal reports from the field and empirical studies suggest that interventions to address menstrual taboos have only been effective for short durations of time due to several reasons. First, local community stakeholders have been reluctant to take actions to abandon retrogressive menstrual practices in rural areas. Second, women who have stopped practising chhaupadi have faced stigma (e.g., fear of exclusion) and discrimination (e.g., blaming, physical and verbal abuse). Third, contextual factors, such as poverty and illiteracy, limit the effectiveness of such interventions. Fourth, community sensitization activities against chhaupadi have faced resistance from community leaders and traditional healers. Fifth, the law prohibiting chhaupadi has also faced implementation problems, including poor filing of complaints. Conclusion Multilevel, multisectoral interventions could be more effective than single-component interventions in breaking the prevailing menstrual taboo and in improving menstrual health and hygiene practices among young girls and women in the rural areas of Nepal. Moreover, interventions that have an active community mobilization component could be effective within local contexts and cultural groups.

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“…And the parliament has recently passed a bill to criminalize the practice. Nevertheless, the decision has not ensured compliance, as the practice is still widely practiced in this area (Jun, 2018).The Guideline is the specific provision made for combating Chhaupadi problem in 2008. But it is not well-known even to district line agencies in all Chhaupadi affected region as well.…”

Section: Changes In the Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chhaupadi Pratha: Women’s Experiences and Perceptions about Social Suffering

Khadka

2020

Molung Educ. Frontier

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Chhaupadi Pratha, a socio-cultural system, is mostly exercised at the Far Western region of Nepal. The system is linked with biological process of women's menstrual period. Women are kept in small sheds away from home during their menstrual period. Besides difficulties staying in a small hut, they have to suffer from many physical and psychological problems. In that period, they are not allowed to take part in religious ceremonies, family kitchen for nutritious food, and family home for security, and warm. This article attempts to analyze women's experience and perception towards Chhaupadi system. In doing so, it investigates how women are suffering from the Chhaupadi system and its consequences. This ethnographic research employed unstructured in-depth conversations and key informant interviews methods to collect information. This research finds that these women are affected physically and mentally by the practices of Chhaupadi. The practice restricts women's safe live and educational opportunity because they are restricted touching anything during their period. The concept of pollution and purity differentiate the life situation of women which is depended on monthly menstrual bleeding. Menstruating women are believed as polluted that’s why they are forced to live small shed and face various difficulties. Non-menstruating women are believed as a pure. Consequently, their social relationship disturbed by shame and restriction. Living in the Chhaupadi shed brings psychological and physical threats. The discrimination during the periods faced by women is considered as violation of fundamental human rights. Women activists are engaged in campaign against the system.

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The Role of Social Capital in Shaping Policy Non-compliance for Chhaupadi Practice in Nepal

Cited by 6 publications

References 0 publications

Chhaupadi practice in Nepal: A literature review

Chhaupadi practice in Nepal: A literature review

‘Menstruation means impurity’: multilevel interventions are needed to break the menstrual taboo in Nepal

Chhaupadi Pratha: Women’s Experiences and Perceptions about Social Suffering

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