“…The temperature in Ordos is about 15–27 °C from May to July, and about 25–36 °C from July to September. The lower temperature from May to July compared to July to September is likely to affect the reproduction of some trematodes, and it has been confirmed that temperature affects the growth and reproduction of trematodes ( Larsen and Mouritsen, 2014 ; Poulin, 2006 ; Resetarits and Byers, 2023 ). In addition, the rainfall from July to September is heavy, and the grassland is waterlogged to form a lot of shoal, which is conducive to the reproduction of freshwater snails, resulting in a high positive rate of snail trematodes.…”